NASA Marathi

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
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20
,
1969
43
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-17
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1990
1994
1998
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2004
2020
,
2008
.
(
SYBA | Foundation course | Project

Year: 2011 2012
Page 1
Contents
: ........................................................................................................................................... 1
:......................................................................................................................... 4
I.
II.
: ............................................................................................................................. 5
II.i.
..................................................................................................................................................... 5
IIII.ii. NACA
NASA
.................................................................................................................. 6
III.
(1946-1968): ....................................................................................................7
IV.
: .......................................................................................................................... 8
IV.i
........................................................................................................................... 9
IV.i.1.
(Project Mercury 1959-1963) .............................................................................................................9
IV.i.2.
(Project Gemini 1962-1966) ........................................................................................................9
IV.i.3.
( Apollo program 1968) ................................................................................................................ 10
IV.i.4.
(Skylab 1973-1979) ............................................................................................................................. 10
IV.i.5.
(Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 1975-1981) ................................................................ 10
IV.i.6.
(Space Shuttle program 1981-2011) .................................................................................... 11
IV.i.7.
(International Space Station 1998) ................................................................................. 12
IV.ii.
Unmanned missions (1958-
) ....................................................................... 13
IV.ii.1.
(Explorer program 1958-2011) ........................................................................................... 13
IV.ii.2.
(Mariner program 1963-1973) ................................................................................................... 14
IV.ii. .
(Pioneer program 1958-1978) ............................................................................................. 14
IV.ii. .
(Voyager program 1977) ........................................................................................................ 15
IV.ii. .
(Viking program 1975) ........................................................................................................... 15
IV.ii. .
(Helios probes 1974-1976) ..................................................................................................... 15
IV.ii. .
(Galileo probe 1989) ................................................................................................................... 16
IV.ii. .
(Hubble Space Telescope 1990) .............................................................................................. 16
IV.ii. .
(UARS 1991) ........................................................................................................ 17
IV.ii.1 .
(Mars Global Surveyor 1996) ................................................................................................. 17
IV.ii.1 .
(Mars Pathfinder 1996): ........................................................................................................ 17
IV.ii.1 .
(New Horizons probe 2006) ....................................................................................................... 18

Year: 2011 2012
Page 2

V.
VI.NASA
( RECENT AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES):.................................. 19

: ......................................................................................................................... 20
VI.i.
.................................................................................................................................. 20
VI.ii.
Ozone depletion ...................................................................................................... 20
VI.i.
SEEM) ......................................................................................... 20
VII.
(BUDGET): ......................................................................................................... 21
: .......................................................................................... 22
VIII.
VIIIVIII.i.
................................................................................................................... 22
VIIIVIII.ii.
............................................................................................................................. 22

Year: 2011 2012
Page 3
I.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
,
14
, 2011
Space
Launch System
'The National Aeronautics and Space Act 29
1958
The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)

1
,
1958
U.S.
,
,
Launch Services Program (LSP)

Earth Observing System
LSP
Heliophysics Research Program
,
-
Great
Observatories and associated programs

Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite

Year: 2011 2012
Page 4
II.
1946
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)
X-
1950
1957-58
Project
Vanguard
4
1)
, 1957
,
Dwight D. Eisenhower
NACA
Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA)

Year: 2011 2012
Page 5
II.ii. NACA
29
NASA
1958
Space Act
Eisenhower
NASA
46
8,000
National Aeronautics and

1
1958
NASA
NACA
US $100
Langley Aeronautical Laboratory,
Ames Aeronautical Laboratory
Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory
Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA)
Naval Research Laboratory
U.S. Air Force

1958
ARPA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

California Institute of Technology

Year: 2011 2012
Page 6
III.
(1946-1968)
NACA
X-1)
NACA
X-15
XS-1 (Bell
US Air Force
US
Navy
X-15A-2
1959
200

Year: 2011 2012
1968
Space Shuttle
Page 7
IV.
-
1957
1961
1958

Year: 2011 2012
Page 8

IV.i
IV.i.1.
(Project Mercury 1959-1963)

U.S. Army, Navy
Force
.5
Air
1961
Alan Shepard
Freedom 7
John Glenn
20
1962
Friendship 7
IV.i.2.
Gus Grissom
(Project Gemini 1962-1966)
John Young

Year: 2011 2012
Page 9
( Apollo program 1968)
IV.i.3.
196111
20
1975
1969
Neil Armstrong)
Buzz Aldrin)
Michael Collins
381.7 kg (842 lb)

-
Smithsonian's Air and Space Museums
(Skylab 1973-1979)
IV.i.4.
100
1973
IV.i.5.
1979
1973
(91 t)
1974
(Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 1975-1981)

-

Year: 2011 2012
Page 10
(Space Shuttle program 1981-2011)
IV.i.6.
,
'
'(heads-up display)
'
'
'
'
docking adapter)
'
'
.

Year: 2011 2012
Page 11
(International Space Station 1998)
IV.i.7.
ISS
Russian Federal Space

Agency ,
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ,

Canadian Space Agency
European
Space Agency
,
,

Year: 2011 2012
Page 12
IV.ii.
Unmanned missions (1958-
(Explorer program 1958-2011)
IV.ii.1.
International Geophysical Year 1957-
58)
ABMA
JPL

Year: 2011 2012
Page 13
(Mariner program 1963-1973)
IV.ii.2.
11
12
9
-
TV
-
(Pioneer program 1958-1978)
IV.ii. .
Pioneer Venus 1
Pioneer Venus 2

Year: 2011 2012
Pioneer Venus Orbiter
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Page 14
(Voyager program 1977)
IV.ii. .
1724 2
17
(Viking program 1975)
IV.ii. .
1
2
1975
Titan III-E
(Helios probes 1974-1976)
IV.ii. .
-A
B
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)
10
1974
-A
15
NASA
1976
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station,
252,792

Year: 2011 2012
Page 15
(Galileo probe 1989)
IV.ii. .
7
1995
7
15
2001
1997
180
21
2003
(Hubble Space Telescope 1990)
IV.ii. .
(HST)
HST
European Space Agency

Compton Gamma Ray
Observatory ,
Chandra X-ray Observatory
Spitzer Space Telescope
HST
HST $2
1990

Year: 2011 2012
Page 16
(UARS 1991)
IV.ii. .
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
1991
2005
23
2011
24
24
2011
2011
1:09
UARS
UARS
6
1979
1979
(Mars Global Surveyor 1996)
IV.ii.1 .
(MGS)
2006
2007
1997
2006
240,000
(Mars Pathfinder 1996):
IV.ii.1 .
Mars Pathfinder
1996
Carl Sagan Memorial Station
Mars Global Surveyor

Year: 2011 2012
Page 17
(New Horizons probe 2006)
IV.ii.1 .
New Horizons
19
New Horizons
2006
16.26
New
Horizons
28
2007
8
14

Year: 2011 2012
2008
2015
Page 18
V.
RECENT AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES

NASA
MESSENGER
New Horizons
Dawn
New Horizons
2007
Mars Scout Program
MAVEN spacecraft
Mars Science Laboratory
4
2006
Space Launch System

Year: 2011 2012
Page 19
VI.NASA
National Space Biomedical Research
Institute NSBRI)
Advanced
Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity
Ozone depletion
Earth Observing System)

-
15,100
-

Year: 2011 2012
Page 20
VII.
(BUDGET)
1997
20%
1960
0.5%
1%
4%

Year: 2011 2012
Page 21
VIII.
ASAP
USN Ret

Year: 2011 2012
Page 22

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

(Project Mercury 1959-1963) .............................................................................................................9

(Project Gemini 1962-1966) ........................................................................................................9

( Apollo program 1968) ................................................................................................................ 10

(Skylab 1973-1979) ............................................................................................................................. 10

(Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 1975-1981) ................................................................ 10

(Space Shuttle program 1981-2011) .................................................................................... 11

(International Space Station 1998) ................................................................................. 12

Unmanned missions (1958-

(Explorer program 1958-2011) ........................................................................................... 13

(Mariner program 1963-1973) ................................................................................................... 14

(Pioneer program 1958-1978) ............................................................................................. 14

(Voyager program 1977) ........................................................................................................ 15

(Viking program 1975) ........................................................................................................... 15

(Helios probes 1974-1976) ..................................................................................................... 15

(Galileo probe 1989) ................................................................................................................... 16

(Hubble Space Telescope 1990) .............................................................................................. 16

(UARS 1991) ........................................................................................................ 17

(Mars Global Surveyor 1996) ................................................................................................. 17

(Mars Pathfinder 1996): ........................................................................................................ 17

(New Horizons probe 2006) ....................................................................................................... 18

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

( RECENT AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES):.................................. 19

Ozone depletion ...................................................................................................... 20

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)

Launch Services Program (LSP)

Observatories and associated programs

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

National Aeronautics and

Ames Aeronautical Laboratory

Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory

Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA)

Naval Research Laboratory

U.S. Air Force

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

(Project Mercury 1959-1963)

(Project Gemini 1962-1966)

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

( Apollo program 1968)

381.7 kg (842 lb)

Smithsonian's Air and Space Museums

(Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 1975-1981)

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA

(Space Shuttle program 1981-2011)

SYBA | Foundation course | Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA