Spread Spectrum Communication

By Click to edit Master subtitle style Sameer Tiwari G1 roll no. 01

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Objectives
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Define spread spectrum technologies and how they are used Explain and compare FHSS, DSSS

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Spread Spectrum
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Spread spectrum is a communication technique that spreads a narrowband communication signal over a wide range of frequencies for transmission then de-spreads it into the original data bandwidth at the receive. Spread spectrum is characterized by:
1) 2)

wide bandwidth and low power

Jamming and interference have less effect on Spread spectrum because it is:
1)

Resembles noise to detect

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Narrowband vs Spread Spectrum

Narrowba nd (High Peak Power)
Pow er

Spread Spectrum (Low Peak Power)

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Frequen cy
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Narrow Band vs Spread Spectrum

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Narrow Band
1)

Uses only enough frequency spectrum to carry the signal High peak power Easily jammed The bandwidth is much wider than required to send to the signal. Low peak power Hard to detect

2)

3) l

Spread Spectrum
1)

2)

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3)

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)

Signal broadcast over seemingly random series of frequencies Receiver hops between frequencies in sync with transmitter Eavesdroppers hear unintelligible blips Jamming on one frequency affects only a few bits
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Frequency Hopping Example

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Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum System (Transmitter)

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Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum System (Receiver)

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Slow and Fast FHSS

Frequency shifted every Tc seconds Duration of signal element is Ts seconds Slow FHSS has Tc Ts Fast FHSS has Tc < Ts Generally fast FHSS gives improved performance in noise (or jamming)
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Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

Each bit represented by multiple bits using spreading code Spreading code spreads signal across wider frequency band

In proportion to number of bits used 10 bit spreading code spreads signal across 10 times bandwidth of 1 bit code

One method:

Combine input with spreading code using XOR Input bit 1 inverts spreading code bit Input zero bit doesnt alter spreading code bit

Data 11/26/12 rate equal to original spreading code

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Example

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Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum with Coherent BPSK

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Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Transmitter

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