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AGIL Paradigm by Talcott Parsons The heuristic scheme Parsons used to analyze systems and subsystems is called the "AGIL Paradigm", "AGIL scheme". To survive or maintain equilibrium with respect to its environment, any system must to some degree adapt to that environment (Adaptation), attain its goals (Goal Attainment), integrate its components (Integration), and maintain its latent pattern (Latency Pattern Maintenance), a sort of cultural template. These concepts can be abbreviated as AGIL. These are called the system's functional imperatives. It is important to understand that Parsons AGIL model is an analytical scheme for the sake of theoretical "production," it is not any simply "copy" or any direct historical "summary" of empirical reality. Also the scheme itself doesn't explain "anything" as little as the periodical table in the natural sciences explains anything in and by itself. The AGIL scheme is a tool for explanations and no better than the quality of those theories and explanation by which it is processed. In the case of the analysis of a social action system, the AGIL Paradigm, according to Parsons, yields four interrelated and interpenetrating subsystems: the behavioral systems of its members (A), the personality systems of those members (G), the social system (as such) (I) and the cultural system of that society (L). To analyze a society as a social system (the I subsystem of action), people are posited to enact roles associated with positions. These positions and roles become differentiated to some extent and in a modern society are associated with things such as occupational, political, judicial and educational roles. Considering the interrelation of these specialized roles, as well as functionally differentiated collectivities (e.g., firms, political parties), the society can be analyzed as a complex system of interrelated functional subsystems, namely: The pure AGIL model for all living systems: (A) Adaptation : The system must cope with situational needs coming from the outside. He had to adapt and adjust with environmental needs. For example, one should be able to put themselves or adapt to the environment in which he lived for survival. (G) Goal Attainment : The system must define and achieve its main objectives. That is, one must have a target to achieve in his life. Because if he does not have a target or goal he could not survive. (I) Integration : The system should regulate relations parts into components. He must also regulate the relationship between the three functional imperatives. (L) Pattern maintenance. (L stand for "Latent function") : The system must equip, maintain, and update individual motivations and cultural patterns that create and sustain motivation.
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The Social system level: The economy social adaptation to its action and non-action environmental systems The polity collective goal attainment The societal community the integration of its diverse social components The fiduciary system processes that function to reproduce historical culture in its "direct" social embeddedness. The General Action Level: The behavioral organism (or system). (In later version, the foci for generalized "intelligence."). The personality system. The social system. The cultural system. (See cultural level).

The cultural level: 1. 2. 3. 4. Cognitive symbolization. Expressive symbolization. Evaluative symbolization. (Sometimes called: moral-evaluative symbolization). Constitutive symbolization.

The Generalized Symbolic media: Social System level: (A) Economic system: Money. (G) Political system: Political power. (I) The Societal Community: Influence. (L) The Fiduciary system (cultural tradition): Value-commitment. Parsons elaborated upon the idea that each of these systems also developed some specialized symbolic mechanisms of interaction analogous to money in the economy, e.g.., influence in the social community. Various processes of "interchange" among the subsystems of the social system were postulated. Parsons' use of social systems analysis based on the AGIL scheme was established in his work Economy and Society (with N. Smelser, 1956) and has prevailed in all his work ever since.

Strengthening the national culture through AGIL Parsons prophetically described above may be summarized into the explanation of the system and sub-system culture as in the table below. Fundamental Social Cultural Function System INSTRUMENTAL Adaptation : Culture system: socialization and internalization of norms and cultural values prophetic. CONSUMMATORY Goal Attainment : Culture system: Prophetic National Culture.

EXTERNAL

INTERNAL

The main sub-systems: introduction prophetic urgency and cultural norms Latency : Culture system: society, community, family, etc.

The main sub-systems: culture, education, religion, language, media and entertainment, etc who all uphold propheticism Integration : Culture system: Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Kong Hucu, etc.

The main sub-systems: the arts and cultural institutions, multicultural forums, nuclear family, etc.

The main sub-systems: churches, mosques, temples, monasteries, temples, pagoda, etc.