Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2-1
2-1-1
2-2
2-2-1
2-2-2
2-2-3
2-3
2-4
2-4-1
2-4-2
2-5
2-5-1
2-6
2-6-1
2-6-2
2-6-3
4 2-6
5 2-6
5 2-6
2-7
2-8
33
34
35
36
37
38
40
41
42
46
49
51
53
54
55
56
56
57
59
-:
-:
33
2004/ /
) -:(1-2
2-1
.
.
-:
-1 ) (
.
-2 -:
.
.
-3 -:
) (.
.
.
). 1:. (6:
2-1-1
.
34
2004/ /
-1
:
.
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
-7
.
2-2
) .Kohler ;E 2:(3:
.
.
) .Horngren ; C.T,3:.(3:
2-2-1
)(reliability
) Hardie ,Glen 4 : (10:
.
) (
.
.
.
35
2004/ /
2-2-2
-:
-: Engineering (technological) approach
).Londerback ,J.G5: (73:
.
-: Statistical approach
.
) (Scatter digram
) (
) (
.
)
( . ) + (
) %(35-25
Barry J. Simpson
%32.3 ) .Barry J. 6:
Simpson(75:
2-2-3
-:
):
7 (15:
-: :
.
-: :
.
-:
-1 -:
.
-2-:
.
-3 -: .
36
2004/ /
-4 -:
.
-:
"-: -:
-:
-1 ) (.
-2
. -:
.
.
.
.
.
. )
.Major St .Feeder St .( .Minor St
.
. .
) Kevin ,Lynch 8:.(238-237:
-: -:
.
.
-: -:
)
(. )
) 7: (17-16:
.
-: -:
.
.
37
2004/ /
)
(
.
-: .
.
.
.
2-3
:
-:
.
-:
)
( )
.
.
-:
.
.
.
) .:
9 .(30:
)
( )
.(
-:
-1
-2
-3 .
-4 .
38
2004/ /
2-4
.
.
.
) (1977 )
1982( ).(1985
2-4-1
-:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-:
-: -:
) (81-75 2
)(195-183 2 )11 ( .
)(71-39 2 )(208-166 2
39
2004/ /
) 3-1(
) 4 () (1
.
).(2
-:
-1 -: )(6 2 3
.
-2 -:
)(30-21 .2
-3 -:
)6 (2 )8 (2
)3 (2 )4.5 (2
).(3
-4 %15
.
)(69 2
)(154 2 ) (12 ).(1-2
-:1
.
-:2 )(150-140
-:3 )+ + 1 2 9
" " 1964 .
)-:
-:
) -
(1 )1977 (2 )
). ((3
-:
-1
)(4
-2
.
-3
).(5
40
2004/ /
(1-2
.
)) -:(111: 1977(60:
) -:(2 G.H.P 10:(16:
)
)-:(3 850 1979-7-5 -:
800 2 120 2 100 2 940 1987-12-21 -:
200 2 250 2 300 2
)-:(4 %10
%25 %15
%10 .
)-:(5 %75
S2
)(3-1
M1
)(5-4
M2
)(7-6
L
)(9-8
E1
)-10
(11
E2 )12
(
)*(
%
16.6%
55.2-69
61-75
61-75
89-97.5
71-79
18
80-100
)(100
95-105
)100-
(120
108-142
)120-
(150
137-148
)(150
81-88.6
48.5%
18.2%
16.7%
105-131
81-107
24
95.5-119.2
126.5-33.4
139-147
103-111
36
154-162
100-108
54
140.3-147.2
169
115
154
54
133-144
)175-
(200
153
)175-
(200
):(1-2
)(10-5 )(15-10
)G.H.P 10: (122: )
(1/3.5 1/8 ) (1/1.3 1/1.5
)) (2)(1/21/2.1)(1)(1/2.6 2/3
.(4)( 1/2.5 1/1.7) (3) (1/4.2-1/2.5-1/2.2
-:
41
2004/ /
)-112-: (8:
-2
)-313-: (3:
)-414 -: (105:
S2
)(3-1
M1 )(5-4
100
120
)(12.5*8)(20*5
)*7.5) (20*6)(15*8
(16
)(20*7.5)(25*6
5-8
M2 )(7-6
L )(9-8
)(25*8) (20*10
E1) -10
(11
200
E2 )12
-:
(
150
150
200
)(
)(
6-8
6-7.5
8-10
):(2-2
-:
)(200-100 2
.
) (
-:
ROW HOUSES
) (
-:
COURTYAD HOUSES
SEMI
DETACHED HOUSES
.DETCHAD HOUSES
2-4-2
)
"
"1977 1985
( )
.(1
) -: ( 2-2
) Doxiadis Associstes 16:(77:
42
2004/ /
) -: ( 3-2 ) (
)of housing 10:
(123:
Ministry
-:
-: ) (-: )(500-450.
-: -: )(2500-2400.
-: -: ) 1012-(.
-: -: ) 40 50-(.
-:
-:
-1 .
-2 .
--3 .
150 )
(500-400 ) (
2500 )(350 300 .
.
) (
-:
-: -:
)
(
) ( .
-: -:
).(2-2
) (
) (
)(
400-500
2400-
150
300-350
43
2004/ /
) (
2500
)(10-12
) (
)(40-50
800
1600
) -:(3- 2
)-: G.H.P 10:)(110 : 11: (52-50:
) 15: (5:
2-5
-:
-1 .
-2
.
.
.
2-5-1
) (42-24 / ) (48-28 /
) (32-12 /
.
). (1
)(84-42/
) (59-30/
-:1 ) /(
))(42-24/)(200-350
. )
/ ( .
)(0.7-0.55
.
)(252-504/ )(360-177
/) (1 )
44
2004/ /
(%67 )(%40
.
2-6
)
.( .
.
)
(
.
2-6-1
)(2
-:
-1
.
-2
.
-:1 ) 3( )12 ( .
-3
.
.
)Benepe,Barry17:-:(36:
-1 ) (Parallel Grid
.
-2 )(Horizontally displaced grid
.
-3 ) (Grade separation
.
) . 18: (87:
45
2004/ /
.
-:
-1
.
-2
) (Loops .
2-6-2
-: -:
(Kevin Lynch,1962(1 (Joseph DeChiara,1978 (2 Charles
(A.Herubin,1988 (3 1982
)-:(4-2
)-:Benepe,Barry17:(36:
-:
-1
.
-2 .
-3 )
( .
.
:
46
2004/ /
-:
))(1Kevin ;Lynch 8:(43-40:
))(2Joseph DeChiara21:(173:
)) (3Charles A.Herubin22:(36-33:
-1 )
( .
-2
(.
)(
)(
)(
)**(
.Collector St
150
75
)7=2(3.52
2
7=3.52
40
20
30
6=32
15
20
6=32
12
.Service St
20
1.5=0.752
2,25=0.753
)+2.25*(0.5
3
.Minor St
.Access St
) -:(4-2
)*(*=
)**(
) Ministry of housing 10:(370:
2-6-3
.
) (1
.
) ( .
) -:(1 (
) (
.
4 2-6
.
47
2004/ /
) (1
-1 -:
.
-2 -: )
(
.
-3 -: ) (
.
5 2-6
-:
-1
.
)-:1
(
-2
.
.
-3
) (
.
6 2-6
.
2-7
.
) Stevenson,Martin 23: (20:
) 24: (7:
.
2-8
48
2004/ /
) 9: (10:
.
-1 ) (
.
-2
.
-3
.
-:
.
)(200-100 2
)(84-42/ )(59-30/
)(504-252/
) (360-177/.
)(8-5
)(10-7.5 .
-4
) (
.
.
49
2004/ /
-5
.
-:1. - - -4 .1987
.Kohler ;E.;"Dictionary of Accountants "4 th ed.; prentic-Hall;1970-:2
-Horngren ; C.T.; Cost Accounting :Managrial Emphassis"; prentice-hall3:.IEnglewood;Calif.;1977
Hardie ,Glenn M.construction bidding for profit; John Wiley & Sons ; -:4
.1979
Londerback ,J.G.& Hirsch ,M.LCost accounting;Kent-:5
;pub.Co.;Boston ;1982
; Barry J. Simpson;Site costs in housing development-:6
ch.4 ;p2-3. ;1983
-7 " "
- 1996
Kevin ;Lynch;Site planning"; the Massachusetts institute of technology;1962 -:8
-:9 " "
.1983 72
Ministray of housing & construction; G.H.P for Iraq ,(1982),op,cit--:10
-:11 " ".1977
-:12 1987
-:13 800
-:14 / "
- "1975
-:15 " "
50
2004/ /
1985
Doxiadis Associstes;"Housing in Iraq problems; ,OP.Cit;1958;p77-:16
- Benepe , Barry, Pedestrian in the city, traffic quarterly ,Jan. 1965.17 -18 "
" .1988
-19 " -
" .1986
" "20-
. 1980
-Joseph De Chiara; Site planning standards;1978
-:21
-Charles A.Herubin; Construction site planning & development; United
-:22
.states of America,1988
,"Stevenson,Martin, O'Neill"High Living,Astudy of family life in flats- -:23
.London,1967
-24 " "
/ .1982
51