Fosslab Manual

CS2406-OPEN SOURCE LAB
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http://csetube.weebly.com/
CS2406 OBJECTIVE:
OPEN SOURCE LAB
L T P C
0 032
To expose students to FOSS environment and introduce them to use open source packages
1. Kernel configuration, compilation and installation : Download / access the latest kernel source code from kernel.org,compile the kernel and install it in the local system.Try to view the source code of the kernel 2. Virtualisation environment (e.g., xen, kqemu or lguest) to test an applications, new kernels and isolate applications. It could also be used to expose students to other alternate OSs like *BSD 3. Compiling from source : learn about the various build systems used like the auto* family, cmake, ant etc. instead of just running the commands. This could involve the full process like fetching from a cvs and also include autoconf, automake etc., 4. Introduction to packet management system : Given a set of RPM or DEB, how to build and maintain, serve packages over http or ftp. and also how do you configure client systems to access the package repository. 5. Installing various software packages Either the package is yet to be installed or an older version is existing. The student can practice installing the latest version. Of course, this might need internet access. Install samba and share files to windows Install Common Unix Printing System(CUPS) 7. Write userspace drivers using fuse -- easier to debug and less dangerous to the system (Writing full-fledged drivers is difficult at student level) 8. GUI programming : a sample programme using Gambas since the students have VB knowledge. However, one should try using GTK or QT 9. Version Control System setup and usage using RCS, CVS, SVN 10. Text processing with Perl: simple programs, connecting with database e.g., MYSQL 11. Running PHP : simple applications like login forms after setting up a LAMP stack 12. Running Python : some simple exercise e.g. Connecting with MySql database 13. Set up the complete network interface usinf ifconfig command like setting gateway, DNS, IP tables, etc.,
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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Ex No. 1 Kernel Configuration, Compilation and Installation Ex No. 2 Virtualisation Environment Ex No. 3 Compiling from Source Ex No. 4 Packet Management System Ex No. 5 Installing Various Software Packages Ex No. 6 FUSE - File System in User Space Ex No. 7 GUI Programming Using GAMBAS2
Ex No. 8 Version Control System Setup and Usage using RCS, CVS, SVN
Ex No. 9 PERL programming Ex No. 10 PHP with MYSQL Ex No. 11 Python programming with MYSQL Ex No. 12 Setting Up The Complete Network Interface
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Ex No. 1 Kernel Configuration, Compilation and Installation
Aim: To do Download / access the latest kernel source code from kernel.org, compile the kernel and install it in the local system. Also try to view the source code of the kernel. Algorithm :
1. Check for the current version of the working kernel
$uname -r
2. Download the kernel source code from
wget http://fosslabserver.linuxpert.in/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.35.7.tar.gz
3. Extract the kernel source code (through GUI) or terminal
tar zxvf linux-2.6.35.7.tar.gz
4. Inside the kernel source directory, open the Makefile
vi Makefile
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5. Look for the line EXTRAVERSION and append a name
ex. 2.6.35.7-mykernel
6. make menuconfig
(choose the desired kernel options)
7. make bzImage
(builds the kernel)
8. su
9. cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35.7
10. chmod 755 /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35.7
11. make modules
(builds the kernel modules)
12. make modules_install (installs the kernel modules in the /lib/modules directory)
13. mkinitrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.35.7.img 2.6.35.7-<extra-ver>
Note: check for the newly created directory in the
/lib/modules directory and give the name above
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Ex No. 2 Virtualisation Environment
Aim: To develop Virtualisation environment (e.g., xen, kqemu or lguest) to test an applications, new kernels and isolate applications. Algorithm: Steps for Virtualization using QEMU and FreeDOS
1. Download the fdbasecd.iso from www.freedos.org (or) from fosslab server
The following steps should be followed from the directory where fdbasecd.iso is
stored
2. qemu-img create virtualdisk.img 100M
3. qemu -hda virtualdisk.img -cdrom fdbasecd.iso -boot d
4. After booting through QEMU, select 1 to boot from CDROM
5. Select Language - English US
6. Select option to boot FreeDOS from CDROM
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7. from X:>fdisk
8. Enable Large disk support (Y)
9. Create DOS partition -> Primary DOS partition
10. Make the whole DOS Primary partition as Active (Y)
Ex No. 3 Compiling from Source
Aim:
To learn about the various build systems used like the auto* family, cmake, ant etc. instead of just running the commands. This could involve the full process like fetching from a cvs and also include autoconf, automake etc.,
Algorithm:
1. Open terminal 2. Check for webattery availability #rpm q webattery #which webattery #rpm e webattery #exit
3. Move to Home/Downloads directory and download webattery package $cd Downloads $rpm ivh weabattery-1.2.6.f14.src.rpm
4. Move to rpmbuild folder in Home directory and rpmbuild folder $cd ..
$cd rpmbuild $cd SOURCES
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SOURCES
5. Extract webattery package $tar zxvf webattery-1.2.tar.gz
6. Move to webattery-1.2 directory $cd webattery-1.2

$cd src $cd ..
src
7. Perform configuration $./configure 8. Do make $make 9. Login as superuser $su
10.Install webattery package #make install 11.Check for webattery package #which webattery
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Ex No. 4 Packet Management System
Aim: To build and maintain RPM or DEB packages, serve packages over http or ftp and also to configure client systems to access the package repository. Algorithm: 1. Go to browser and type http://fosslabserver/pub/tools/internet/qmail 2. Download the qmail-packages.zip to Downloads folder 3. Go to Downloads folder and extract qmail-packages.zip 4. In the terminal move to Downloads folder which is under home/fosslab 5. List all the files in the Downloads folder using $ls l 6. Move the contents of qmail-packages directory to directory qmail $mv qmail-packages qmail $ls l 7. Move to qmail directory $cd qmail $ls
8. To see no of rpm packages give the command as follows $ls *.rpm | wc 9. Move again to Downloads folder 10. Now create a repository for qmail $createrepo qmail/
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11. Next go to qmail directory and check if repodata folder is created $cd qmail $ls l 12. Move to repodata folder $cd repodata $ls l 13. Move back to fosslab directory 14. Check for the Apache Web Server Status $service httpd status $service httpd start (if Apache Web Server Status is stopped) $service httpd status
15. Go to browser and type http://localhost if the Fedora test page is displayed then Apache Web Server is running 16. Move the qmail packages from home/fosslab/Downloads directory to /var/www/html/ which can be served by Apache Web Server requesting clients $mv /home/fosslab/Downloads/qmail /var/www/html 17.Go to /var/www/html and see if the qmail packages are available $cd /var/www/html $ls l 18. Next go to browser and type http://localhost/qmail 19. Now we have to create the repository configuration file so that the clients can use the configuration file for installing qmail packages from the server $su #cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ #ls l #vi qmail.repo Type the following lines into the file [qmail]
name=Q-Mail packages
baseurl=http://localhost/qmail enabled=1
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gpgcheck=0 save the file :wq
20. View the qmail.repo file #cat qmail.repo 21. Now we have to rebuild the YUM Cache, so that YUM package manager includes the qmail package information #yum clean all #yum makecache 22.Now check if qmail packages are included #yum search qmail 23.Now install qmail toaster #yum install qmailtoaster-plus #yum install libsrs2-toaster
YUM fedora.repo, fedora-updates.repo 1. Loginassuperuser /etc/yum.repos.d/ $su

#cd /etc/yum.repos.d #ls l
and
move
to
2. Editfedora.repo file #vi fedora.repo Make the following changes Add # before mirrorlist in line 5 Add the following line at line 7 baseurl=http://fosslabserver/f14repo/ save the file
3. Edit fedora-updates.repo #vi fedora-updates.repo
Change enabled=0 and save the file 4. Now we have to rebuild YUM cache #yum clean all #yum makecache 5. List repo groups #yum grouplist
6. Now install XFCE #yum groupinstall XFCE
7. Now install kernel
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#yum install kernel rpmfusionfree.repo, rpmfusion-nonfree
1. In the browser type http://fosslabserver/f14repo/rpmfusion/i386/free find the file rpmfusion-free-release-14.0.4.noarch.rpm and copy the path 2. In the terminal superuser $su login as
3. Now you have to install the rpmfusion-free-release-14.0.4.noarch.rpm by pasting the path after rpm #rpmivhhttp://fosslab/f14repo/rpmfusion/i386/free/rpmfusion-freerelease-14.0.4.noarch.rpm
4. Next you have to install the rpmfusion-nonfree-release-14.0.4.noarch.rpm by pasting the path after rpm #rpm ivh http://fosslab/f14repo/rpmfusion/i386/free/rpmfusion-nonfreerelease-14.0.4.noarch.rpm 5. Move to /etc/yum.repos.d/ $cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
6. Edit rpmfusion-free.repo #vi rpmfusion-free.repo
Add # before mirrorlist in line 4 Add the following line at line 6 baseurl=http://fosslabserver/f14repo/rpmfusion/i386/free save the file 7. Edit rpmfusion-free-updates.repo Change enabled=0 and save the file 8. Edit rpmfusion-nonfree.repo Add # before mirrorlist in line 4 Add the following line at line 6
baseurl=http://fosslabserver/f14repo/rpmfusion/i386/nonfree/ save the file
9. Edit rpmfusion-nonfree-updates.repo Change enabled=0 and save the file 10.Now we have to rebuild YUM cache #yum clean all #yum makecache
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11. Now check if packages are included #yum search vlc

12.Next install vlc #yum install vlc*
Ex No. 5 Installing Various Software Packages
Aim: To install samba and share files to windows and also install Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)
Algorithm: CUPS 1. Check for existence of CUPS $rpm qa | grep cups $rpm qi cups 2. Check if CUPS is running #service cups status 3. Open firefox and type the following #open firefox http://localhost:631/
under CUPS for administrators select Adding Printers and Classes
4. Under Printers select Add Printer and give username and password Username : root Passwd: admin123 5. Under Add Printer select HP Printer (HPLIP) and click on continue 6. Then give the connection as http://localhost:631/ipp/ and click on continue 7. Give a name for the printer(HP1010), description(HP1010 LaserJet Printer) and location (Lab 1) and click on continue. 8. Select the make as HP and click on continue. 9. Select the model (HP LaserJet 1010 Foomatic/hpijs (en) and click on Add Printer 10.After printer is added change the page size as A4 and click on set default properties 11.In the next page click on HP1010 12.Select print test page from Maintenance 13.Click on show all jobs
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SAMBA I Stage 1 (Linux) 1. Check if SAMBA is installed and working $rpm qa | grep cups $su #service smb status
#service smb start (if samba was in stopped state) #service smb status 2. Check if network message block is running #service nmb status #service nmb start (if samba was in stopped state) #service nmb status
3. View the ip table #iptables L 4. Stop the iptables service #service iptables stop
5. View the ipv6 table #ip6tables L

6. Stop the iptables service #service ip6tables stop
7. Check enforce status #getenforce #setenforce (to enable enforce) #setenforce 0
8. Add winuser and set samba password for the winuser #useradd winuser
#smbpasswd a winuser #service smb status
# service nmb status
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II Stage 2 (Windows)
1. Go to run and type the ip of your linux box \\192.168.1.43 (for example) 2. Give the password which you assigned to winuser in linux 3. Create some folders in the linux login
III Stage 3 (Linux) 1. Login as winuser 2. Go to places available home folder and check if the folders created in windows is
IV Stage 4 (Linux) 1. Login open source lab\ 2. Go to places home folder 3. Press CTRL+L and type
smb://192.168.1.252 (ip address of the windows machine)
4. Login as administrator 5. Create some folders and try viewing in linux box
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Ex No. 6 FUSE - File System in User Space
Aim:
To write userspace drivers using fuse -- easier to debug and less dangerous to the system
Algorithm: 1. Check whether FUSE is installed $rpm qa | grep fuse $rpm qi fuse
2. Open browser and type the following http://fosslabserver.linuxpertsystem.in/osslab/samples/fuse.gz download fuse.gz
3. Go to Places
Downloads and extract fuse.gz (or)
Do the following
$wget http://fosslabserver.linuxpertsystem.in/osslab/samples/fuze.gz $tar zxvf fuse.gz
4. Go to terminal then move to home/fosslab/Downloads 5. Extract fusetutorial.gz and move to that directory 6. Next move to src directory
7. Look for bbfs.c file and view it 8. Then look for log.c and view it 9. Now try to fuse cflags $pkg-config fuse --cflags 10.Then fuse libs $pkgconfig fuse --libs 11. Perform makefile $make 12. Look for bbfs file (coloured green) 13. Move to examples folder $cd ../examples 14. View the mountdir and rootdir directories $ls al mountdir
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$ls al rootdir 15. Move to rootdir folder and create some empty files $cd rootdir/ $touch myfile $ls l 16. Move back to examples folder and check the no of files in mountdir $cd .. $ls l mountdir 17.Check the files in rootdir/ $ls l rootdir/ 18.Now call the fuse bbfs $ ..src/bbfs rootdir/ mountdir/ 19.Now check the no of files under mountdir/ $ls l mountdir/ 20. Now mount the filesystem to see the fuse working $mount
21. Next unmount the fuse and check for the no of files in mountdir/ $fusermount u mountdir/ $ls l $mount $tail f bbfs.log
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Ex No. 7 GUI Programming Using GAMBAS2
Aim: To create a login form for booking train ticket using GAMBAS2 Algorithm:
1. Go to Applications 2. Under Programming
Programming Gambas2
3. In the Gambas2 environment select New Project 4. Next select the location of the project to be created 5. In the next step give a name for your project 6. Now after your project is created you have to create forms for your project 7. The different tools are available under the toolbox 8. Add the appropriate tools to your form
9. Next add the appropriate code for the different controls placed on the form 10.Save the project 11.Run the project
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Ex No. 8 Version Control System Setup and Usage using RCS, CVS, SVN Aim: To do Version Control System setup and usage using RCS, CVS, SVN Algorithm:
1. Check for SVN status $rpm qa | grep subversion
2. Check for java / jre installed status $rpm qa | grep java

3. Go to browser and type http://fosslabserver/tools/development/svnedge
4. DownloadCollabNetSubversionEdge-1.3.2_linux-x86_64.tar.gz downloads folder 5. Go to Places Downloads and extract CollabNetSubversionEdge-
to
1.3.2_linux-x86_64.tar.gz 6. Login as superuser and edit sudo $su #visudo
7. In the visudo file add the following line after line no 77 (to insert line no type :se nu) fosslab ALL=(ALL) ALL 8. Check for java
version $java version $which java
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9. Set the environmental variables $export JAVA_HOME=/usr $JAVA_HOME/bin/java version 10. Move to fosslab/Downloads directory $cd fosslab $cd Downloads 11.Move to csvn directory $cd csvn 12.Install CSV
$sudo E bin/csvn install 13. Start bin/csvn service
$bin/csvn start 14.Check for bin/csvn console status
$bin/csvn console
15.Type the following address in browser and check http://localhost:3343/csvn 16. Give the user and password 17. Click on Administration link and change port to 8888 and Administrator as admin and also give admin email id 18. Click on Save 19. Click on status link and start the subversion edge 20. Install the webattery package as given in exercise 3 21. Go to http://localhost:3343/csvn and give username and password 22. Under repositories link click on new repository 23. Give the name of repository as webattery and click on create 24. Click on repository list link to view the repository added 25. Copy the text next to webattery 26. Go to terminal and make directory subversion-test $mkdir subversion-test 27. Move the subversion-test folder
28. Paste the text which you copied which was next to webattery 29. Give username and password
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Ex No. 9 PERL programming
Aim: To demonstrate the PERL program connectivity with MySQL database Algorithm:
1. Sample PERL #!usr/bin/perl # the above line is shebang directive $name=<STDIN>; chomp($name); print "$name\n"; output: [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl first.pl Hello World Hello World 2. Scalar variables in
PERL #!/usr/bin/perl
my $animal="Camel"; # this variable is lexically scoped ie local my $ans=42_243; #this is similar to 42243
print "$animal\n"; print "$ans\n";
print "The square of &ans",$ans*$ans,"\n"; output: [linuxpert@localhost scalar.pl Camel 42243 3. Array in PERL #!usr/bin/perl my @animal=("cow","Buffalo","Camel"); print "@animal\n"; # list all elements in array print "$#animal\n"; # list last element position print "$animal[0]\n"; #list 0th position element $count=@animal; print "$count"; # count no of elements in array output: [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl array.pl ~]$ perl
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cow Buffalo Camel 2 cow 3 4. Hash in PERL #!usr/bin/perl

%color=('apple'=>"red",'banana'=>"yellow",'orange'=>"orange"); print "$color{'apple'}\n";
output: [linuxpert@localhost hash.pl red ~]$ perl
5. To display all values in hash #!usr/bin/perl

%color=('apple'=>"red",'banana'=>"yellow",'orange'=>"orange");
print "$color{'apple'}\n"; # to display all the values in hash @keys=keys %color; foreach $key (@keys) { print "$color{$key}\n"; } output:
[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl hashvalues.pl red

yellow red orange
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6.for
delection
of
Hash
values #!usr/bin/perl
%color=('apple'=>"red",'banana'=>"yellow",'orange'=>"orange"); print "$color{'apple'}\n";
# to display all the values in hash @keys=keys %color; @values=values %color; # it ill store the array values foreach $key (@keys) {
print "$color{$key}\n"; } delete $color{'apple'}; # to remove specific key 7.If loop in perl #!usr/bin/perl my $a=10; $condition=1; if($condition) {
my $y=100; print "$a\n"; print "$y\n";
}
print "$a\n"; print "$y\n"; output:
[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl ifloop.pl 10 100 10
8. If not loop (unless)in perl #!usr/bin/perl $a=5;
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unless($a>10) #is equal to if not { print "a less than 10"; } output: [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl unless.pl a less than 10 9. While loop (until) in perl #!usr/bin/perl $a=0; until($a>10) #is equal to while { print "$a\n";
$a++; } out put: [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl unless.pl a less than 10[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl until.pl 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10. for each loop (upper limit is not fixed )in perl #!usr/bin/perl
my
@animals=("cow","buffalo","camel",123,100,243,300);
foreach $key(@animals)
{ print "$key\n"; } output:
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[linuxpert@localhost foreach.pl cow

buffalo camel
perl
123 100 243 300 11. String operation: #!usr/bin/perl $a="hello"; $b="world";
print $a.$b,"\n"; $str="-";
print $str x 80,"/n"; @a=(10..25);

print "@a\n"; output
[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl string.pl helloworld -------------------------------------------------------------------------------/n10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 12. Hard reference variable: 12.1 Reference variable(scalar) #!usr/bin/perl
$a=100; $b=\$a; print "$b\n"; output:
[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl reference.pl SCALAR(0x9506a68)
12.2 De reference the variable(scalar variable) #!usr/bin/perl $a=100; $b=\$a;

print "$$b\n"; output:
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[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl reference1.pl 100 12.3 Array reference variable

#!usr/bin/perl @arr=('hello','122','200','Hello'); $c=\@arr;
print "$c\n"; # print the address print "@$c\n"; # print the values of array print "$c->[1]\n"; #point the specified location in array, to access the single element output:
[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl arrayvariable.pl ARRAY(0x8358a70) hello 122 200 hello 122 12.4 Hash variable perl #!usr/bin/perl in
%color=('apple'=>"red",'banana'=>"yellow",'orange'=>"orange"); $h=\%color;
print "$h\n";#print the address @keys=keys %$h;
reference
print "@keys\n"; #it contains the key value print "$h->{'apple'}\n"; # it print the the apple alone output: [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl
hashvariable.pl HASH(0x830da70) banana orange red 12.5 Magic variable in perl

#!usr/bin/perl
apple
%color=('apple'=>"red",'banana'=>"yellow",'orange'=>"orange"); $h=\%color;
print "$h\n";#print the reference address @keys=keys %$h;
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print "$h->{'apple'}\n"; # it print the the apple alone foreach (@keys) {

print "$h->($_}\n"; # to display all key values we use $_ instead of keys
} output: [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl hashvariable1.pl HASH(0x8df4a70) red HASH(0x8df4a70)>(banana} HASH(0x8df4a70)->(apple} HASH(0x8df4a70)->(orange} 13 .Function
#!usr/bin/perl sub sayHello() { print "Hello\n"; } &sayHello(); output: [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl function.pl Hello 13.1 functionwith parameter #!usr/bin/perl sub add() { my ($a,$b)=@_; #the values will be stored in @_ array variable for dynamically print $a+$b; } &add(10,15); output: [linuxpert@localhost functionparam.pl 25
13.2 Find Maximum value using function

#!usr/bin/perl sub max()
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{ $max=shift @_; # shift function remove the first element in array and the remaining element will be stored in $max foreach $v (@_) # $v is the second values in the @_ { $max=$v if $max<$v; } return $max; }
$d=&max(10,278,1050,76,800,246,76,345); print "The maximum value is $d\n";
output:
[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl functionparam.pl The maximum value is 1050 14. Symbolic reference That is no values and name for function (anonymous function) Anonymous function is used only when need to use the code only once #!usr/bin/perl $b=sub #anonymous {
my ($c,$d)=@_; $e=$c*$d; return $e;
}; $a=&$b(20,30);#De reference the function print "the product is $a\n"; output: [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl symbolicref.pl the product is 600 14.program to check greater among 3 number #Greatest among 3 number print "Enter A value : "; $a=<>; print "Enter b value : "; $b=<>; print "Enter c value : "; $c=<>; if(($a > $b)&&($a > $c)) { print "A is greater"; } elsif(($b > $c)&&($b > $a)) { print "B is greater"; } else { print "C is greater";
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} 15.Program to get details in run time #! usr/bin/perl print "Enter the Student Information"; print "\n enter name";
chomp($name = <>); print "\nenter dob"; chomp($dob=<>);
print "\n enter registerno."; chomp($registern0.=<>); print "\n enter education"; chomp($Education=<>); print "\n Student Information"; print "\n Name: $name";
print "\n Date Of Birth :$dob"; print "\n Register no.:$registern0."; print "\nQualification :$Education";
16. Program to perform array releted function #!/usr/bin/perl # Define an array
@coins = ("aaa","bbb","ccc");
#Array can be represent using qw format #Display all Elements in Array print "Array Elements"; print "\n First Statement : @coins"; print "\n"; # Add elements at the end of the array print "\nPush Function"; push(@coins,qw/ddd eee fff ggg/); push(@coins, "Penny","priya"); print "\n Second Statement : @coins"; print "\n"; # Add one element at the beginning of the array print "\n Unshift Function"; unshift(@coins, "Dollar"); print "\n Third Statement : @coins";
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print "\n"; # Remove one element from the last of the array. print "\n Pop Function"; pop(@coins); print"\nFourthStatement @coins"; print "\n"; :
# Remove one element from the beginning of the array. print "\n Shift Function"; shift(@coins); print"\nFifthStatement @coins"; print "\n"; print "@coins"; #splice function,you can delete or replace elements within the array. #delete one element at index 1 print "\n Using Splice Function"; @browser=("System", "Solutions"); print "\n @browser"; print "\n"; #replacing elements at index 1,2 @browser = ("System", "Logic", :
"Solutions"); splice(@browser, 1, 2, "Helios", "Matheson"); print "\n @browser";
17. Program to perform Sub-routine to check biggest number Example 1: sub maximum { if ($_[0] > $_[1]) { print $_[0]; } else { print $_[1]; } } $biggest = &maximum(37, 24);
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"Logic",
Example 2: sub maximum { if ($_[0] > $_[1]) { $_[0]; } else { $_[1]; } }

$biggest = &maximum(37, 24); $biggest2 =&maximum(100,123);
print "\nThe biggest amomg 37 and 24 is $biggest"; print "\nthe biggest among 100 and 123 is $biggest2"; 3.Program to return the values sub get_list { return 5..10; } @list = &get_list; print "@list";
18. Program to Open the File # < indicate that file has to be opened in read-only mode # > sign indicates that file has to be opened in writing mode Entities Definition < or r Read Only Access
> or w Creates, Writes, and Truncates >> or a Writes, Appends, and Creates +< or r+ Reads and Writes
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+> or w+ Reads, Writes, Creates, and Truncates +>> or a+ Reads, Writes, Appends, and Creates Sample: #!/usr/bin/perl open(DATA, "<sample.txt");
while(<DATA>) { print "$_"; } 19. Example which opens an existing file file1.txt and read it line by line and generate another copy file2.txt #!/usr/bin/perl # Open file to read open(DATA1, "<file1.txt"); # Open new file to write open(DATA2, ">file2.txt"); # Copy data from one file to another. while(<DATA1>) { print DATA2 $_; } close( DATA1 ); close( DATA2 );
#delete a file file3.txt using unlink function unlink ("/strawberry/perl/file3.txt");
20.Program to returns the key intersection of two hashes sub intersection {
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my ($hasha, $hashb) = @_; my %newhash; foreach my $key (keys %{$hasha}) {

$newhash{$key} = $$hasha{$key} if (exists $$hashb{$key});
} return %newhash; } %hasha = ( 'a' => 'b', 'b' => 'b',

'c' => 'b'); print %hasha; print "\n";
%hashb = ( 'b' => 'b', 'c' => 'b',

'd' => 'b'); print %hashb; print "\n";
%newhash = intersection(\%hasha, \%hashb); print "\n"; print %newhash; 21. Print out lines of other files with the use of arrays #!/usr/bin/perl print "content-type: text/html \n\n"; #The header $text = "sample.txt"; open (text) or die "Can't open the file!"; @fileinput = <text>; print $fileinput[0]; print $fileinput[1]; print $fileinput[2]; print $fileinput[3]; print $fileinput[4]; print $fileinput[5]; print $fileinput[6]; print $fileinput[7]; print $fileinput[8]; print $fileinput[9]; close (text); 22. PERL - Copying File We can duplicate a file using the copy function. Copy takes two values the URL of the file to be copied and the URL of the new file. Since we want to duplicate the file in this example 22.1 Example for copying and moving and delete function #!/usr/bin/perl use File::Copy; print "\n Copying the content present from file1 to file2"; $filetobecopied = "file1.txt"; $newfile = "file2.txt"; copy($filetobecopied, $newfile) or die "File cannot be copied.";
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print "\n Now open the new file"; print "\n Move function"; $oldlocation = "sample.txt"; $newlocation = "f:/keerthi/sample.txt"; move($oldlocation, $newlocation); # unlink function to delete specific files from your web server. print "\n Delete function";
$file = "F:/keerthi/sample.txt"; if (unlink($file) == 0)
{ print "\nFile deleted successfully."; } else { print "\nFile was not deleted."; }
APPLICATION USING PERL
1.create the table in perl that will be automatically updated in database using mysql 1.1 First create the database as follows in mysql [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ mysql -u root p Enter password:
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Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.45 Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.25 sec)
mysql> create database student; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | student | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use student; Database changed mysql> connect; Connection id: 3
Current database: student mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec)
now the table is empty . To create the table we use the following procedure
1.2 The following packages should be used to connect PERL with Mysql (use new terminal) [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ rpm -q perl-DBI perl-DBI-1.609-4.fc13.i686 [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ rpm -q perl-DBD-MySQL perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.fc13.i686 1.3 Write the PERL script to connect with mysql as follows #!usr/bin/perl use DBI; #to use the build in package we use "Use", DBI is the build in package in perl my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:student","root",""); #connect to database if(!$dbh) { die("error:$!"); }
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$sth=$dbh->prepare("create table students(rollno int,sname varchar(50))"); # create the table $sth->execute(); $dbh->disconnect;
1.4 Run the Perl script [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl connect.pl now see the tables in database (student) mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_student | +-------------------+ | students | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 2. insert the values in perl that will be automatically updated in database using mysql as follows #!usr/bin/perl
use DBI; #to use the build in package we use "Use", DBI is the build in package in perl my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:student","root",""); #connect to database if(!$dbh) { die("error:$!"); }
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$sth=$dbh->prepare("insert into students values(100,'thamarai')"); # create the table $sth->execute(); $dbh->disconnect; 2.1 compile the perl [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl dbinsert.pl now the output is mysql> select * from students; +--------+----------+
| rollno | sname | +-------+----------+ | 100 | thamarai | +-------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 2.2 insert the values in perl using execute statement #!usr/bin/perl use DBI; #to use the build in package we use "Use", DBI is the build in package in perl
$rollno=200; $sname="selvi";
my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:student","root",""); #connect to database if(!$dbh) { die("error:$!"); }
$sth=$dbh->prepare("insert into students values(?,?)"); # create the table $sth->execute($rollno,$sname); $dbh->disconnect; compile the program as
[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl dbinsert1.pl now the output is mysql> select * from students; +--------+----------+ | rollno | sname | +-------+----------+ | 100 | thamarai | | 200 | selvi | +-------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.08 sec)
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CGI PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE -1 type the following in terminal [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ su Password:
[root@localhost linuxpert]# cd /var/www/cgibin [root@localhost cgi-bin]# gedit type the following in gedit #!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; $cgi=new CGI; print $cgi->header, $cgi->start_html, $cgi->h1("A simple Example"), $cgi->end_html; type the following in the same terminal [root@localhost cgi-bin]# chmod +x form.cgi go to browser and type the following URL http://localhost/cgi-bin/form.cgi U will get the output as EXAMPLE -2 in terminal
[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ su Password:
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[root@localhost linuxpert]# cd /var/www/html [root@localhost html]# gedit type the following in gedit editor <html> <head> <title>LOGIN</title></head> <body> <form action="/cgi-bin/form2.cgi" method="post"> <p>
"Enter student roll no"<input type="text" name="rollno"></p> <p>"enter the student name"<input type="text" name="sname"></p> <p>"click here to submit"<input type="submit" name="submit"></p>
</form> </body> save the page as form.html & close it type the following URL in browser http://localhost/form.html
then type the following in the terminal [root@localhost html]# cd /var/www/cgibin [root@localhost cgi-bin]# gedit type the following in gedit #!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; $cgi=new CGI; use DBI; $rollno=$cgi->param('rollno'); $name=$cgi->param('sname'); my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:student","root",""); my $sth=$dbh->prepare("insert into students
values(?,?)"); $res=$sth->execute($rollno,$name);
$dbh->disconnect; if($res)
print $cgi->header, $cgi>start_html, $cgi>h1("Record created"), $cgi->end_html; }
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save that file as form2.cgi close that file & open a same terminal type as [root@localhost cgi-bin]# chmod +x form2.cgi In new browser type the following http://localhost/form.html we get the screen as
now check the database as mysql> select * from students; +--------+---------------+
| rollno | sname |
+-------+--------------- +
| 100 | thamarai | | 200 | selvi | | NULL | abcd | | 71 | thamaraiselvi |

+-------+--------------- +
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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Ex No. 10 PHP with MYSQL Aim: To create a login form and test the connectivity with MYSQL Algorithm:
1. linuxpert@localhost ~]$ su Password: admin123 [root@localhostlinuxpert]#cd /var/www/html [root@localhost html]# gedit 2. type the following in gedit and save it as form.html <html> <head> <title>LOGIN</title></head> <body> <form method="post"> <p> action="connect.php"
"Enter course no"<input type="text" name="cid"></p>
<p>"enter the coursename"<input type="text" name="cname"></p> <p>"click here to submit"<input type="submit" name="submit"></p> </form> </body>
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3. Type the following in gedit and save it as connect.php

<?php $cid=$_POST['cid']; $cname=$_POST['cname'];
$con=@mysql_connect("localhost","root","")or die (mysql-error()); echo "connected to database"; $db=@mysql_select_db("student",$con)or die(mysql_error()); echo "selected database"; $str="insert into courses values($cid,'$cname')"; $res=@mysql_query($str) die(mysql_error()); if($res>0) { or
echo "Record created"; } ?> 4. Type the following in the browser http://localhost/form.html 5. Now go to terminal [linuxpert@localhost ~]$ mysql -u root -p\ > > Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 28 Serverversion:5.1.45Source distribution mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | student | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.11 sec) mysql> use student ;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed
mysql> connect Connection id: 29 Current database: student mysql> show tables;
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+-------------------+ | Tables_in_student | +-------------------+ | course | | courses | | students | +-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from courses;
+------ +-------+ | cid | cname | +------ +-------+ | 1 | java | | 1 | java | +------ +-------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
Example 2. Create Login Page 1 Create Login Page (HomePage.php) <table width="300" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <tr> <form name="form1" method="post" action="checklogin.php"> <td>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Member Login </strong></td> </tr> <tr>
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<td width="78">Username</td> <td width="6">:</td> <td width="294"><input name="myusername" type="text" id="myusername"></td>

</tr> <tr>
<td>Password</td> <td>:</td> <td><input name="mypassword" type="text" id="mypassword"></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td>
<td><input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Login"></td> </tr> </table> </td> </form> </tr> </table> 2 Create Validation Page (checklogin.php) <?php $host="localhost"; // Host name $username="root"; // Mysql default username //$password=""; // Mysql No password $db_name="my_db"; // Database name $tbl_name="members"; // Table name
// Connect to server and select databse. mysql_connect("$host", "$username")or die("cannot connect"); mysql_select_db("$db_name")or die("cannot select DB");
// username and password sent from form $myusername=$_POST['myusername']; $mypassword=$_POST['mypassword'];
$sql="SELECT * FROM $tbl_name WHERE username='$myusername'and password='$mypassword'"; $result=mysql_query($sql); // Mysql_num_row is counting table row $count=mysql_num_rows($result); // If result matched $myusername and $mypassword, table row must be 1 row if($count==1) echo "Welcome To Our Web Page"; else echo "Wrong Username or Password"; ?>
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Ex No. 11 Python programming with MYSQL
Aim:
To demonstrate the Python program connectivity with MYSQL
Algorithm:
1. Write a Hello World Python Program Create helloworld.py program as shown below. $ vim helloworld.py #!/usr/bin/python
# Hello world python program print "Hello World!";
2. Verify Python Interpreter Availability Make sure python interpreter is installed on your system as shown below. $ whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.5 /usr/bin/python2.6 /etc/python /etc/python2.5 /etc/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.4 /usr/lib/python3.0 /usr/lib/python2.5 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.5 /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/include/python2.5 /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz $ which python /usr/bin/python 3. Execute Python Program You can either execute using python helloworld.py or ./helloworld.py.
$ python helloworld.py Hello World!
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( or ) $ chmod u+x helloworld.py $ ./helloworld.py Hello World!
Note: As python is an interpreted language, you dont have the compilation
step similar to the C program. 4. Write a sample program in programming #Sample python program x=5; y=5; print ("x:",x); print("y:",y); z=x+y; print("z:",z); 5. StringConcatenationin programming #String concatenation worda='computer'; wordb='science'; print("worda is ",worda); print("wordb is",wordb); wordc=worda+" " +wordb; print("wordc is",wordc); wordd=worda*3; print("wordd is ",wordd); str = 'HelloWorld!' length=len(str); python python
print ("str :",str);
print("length:",length);
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print ("first character is",str[0]); print ("print character from 2rd to 6th :", str[2:7] );
print ("Prints string starting from 3rd character:",str[2:]); print ("Prints string two times",str * 2);
print ("Prints concatenated string :",str + "TEST" ); print(str[-1]); #print last character print(str[6]);#print character from last 6th position print(str[:-2]);# Everything except the last two characters 6. Write a python program to perform function in Lists #Python Lists #!/usr/bin/python print("\t \t \t Python Lists");
list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ] tinylist = [123, 'john'] print("Prints complete list:",list); print("Prints first element of the list : ",list[0]); print("Prints elements starting from 2nd to 4th:",list[1:3]); print("Prints elements starting from 3rd element:",list[2:]); print("Prints list two times:",tinylist * 2); print("Prints concatenated lists: ", list + tinylist ); #modify the 4th elements in the list print("Before modifying the 4th element in list :",list[4]); list[4]='efgh'; print("4th element in list :",list[4]); print(" complete list:",list); #Appending new elements list.append('ijkl'); print("After appending list:",list); #deleting an element in list del list[2]; print("List :",list);
7. Write a python program to perform functions in tuples #Python Tuples
print("\t \t \t Python tuples");
tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ) tinytuple = (123, 'john') print("\ncomplete tuple :",tuple); print("Prints first element of the tuple:", tuple[0]); print("Prints elements starting from 1nd to 3th:", tuple[1:4]); print("Prints elements starting from 3rd element:", tuple[2:]); print("Prints tuple two times:", tinytuple * 2 ); print ("concatenated tuple:",tuple + tinytuple ); 8. Write a python program to perform functions in Dictionary. #Python Dictionary tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept':
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'sales'} print ("Python Dictionary:" ); print ("complete dictionary",tinydict ); print ("Key :",tinydict.keys()); # Prints all the keys
print ("values:",tinydict.values()); # Prints all the values 9. Write a python Program to select odd number from the lists #!/usr/bin/python
#program to select odd number from the list a=[11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,31,44,45,10]; print("List is:",a); n=len(a); print("length:",n); i=0; print("Odd number"); for i in range(len(a)): if(a[i]%2==1): print(a[i]);
10. Conditional statement in Python >>> x = int(raw_input("Please enter an integer: ")) >>> if x < 0: ... x = 0 ... print 'Negative changed to zero' ... elif x == 0: ... print 'Zero' ... elif x == 1: ... print 'Single' ... else:
... print 'More'
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11. For Statement in Python >>> # Measure some strings: ... a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate'] >>> for x in a: ...print len(x) cat 3 window 6 12. The Range() and Len() in Python >>> a = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb'] >>> for i in range(len(a)): ... print i, a[i] ... x,
OUTPUT: 0 Mary 1 had 2a 3 little 4 lamb 13. Prime Number using Python. >>> for n in range(2, 10): ... for x in range(2, n): ... if n % x == 0: ... print n, 'equals', x, '*', n/x ... break ... else: ... # loop fell through without finding a factor ... print n, 'is a prime number' .. OUTPUT: 2 is a prime number 3 is a prime number 4 equals 2 * 2 5 is a prime number 6 equals 2 * 3
7 is a prime number 8 equals 2 * 4 9 equals 3 * 3
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14. Fibonacci Series using Python >>> def fib(n): # write Fibonacci series up to n ... """Print a Fibonacci series up to n.""" ... a, b = 0, 1 ... while b < n: ... print b, ... a, b = b, a+b ... >>> # Now call the function we just defined: ... fib(2000)
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597
15. Set operations in Python >>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'] >>> fruit = set(basket) # create a set without duplicates >>> fruit set(['orange', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']) >>> 'orange' in fruit # fast membership testing True >>> 'crabgrass' in fruit False
>>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words
... >>> a = set('abracadabra') >>> b = set('alacazam') >>> a # unique letters in a set(['a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd']) >>> a - b # letters in a but not in b set(['r', 'd', 'b']) >>> a | b # letters in either a or b set(['a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l']) >>> a & b # letters in both a and b set(['a', 'c'])
>>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both set(['r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l']) 16. Modules And Error Handling In Python import sys try: f = open('myfile.txt') s = f.readline() i = int(s.strip()) except IOError as (errno, strerror): print "I/O error({0}): {1}".format(errno, strerror) except ValueError: print "Could not convert data to an integer." except: print "Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0] raise
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17.Finally class in Python >>> def divide(x, y): ... try: ... result = x / y ... except ZeroDivisionError: ... print "division by zero!" ... else: ... print "result is", result ... finally: ... print "executing finally clause" ... >>> divide(2, 1) result is 2 executing finally clause >>> divide(2, 0) division by zero! executing finally clause >>> divide("2", "1") executing finally clause Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? File "<stdin>", line 3, in divide
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str' 18. Simple Class Program in python >>> class Complex: ... def __init__(self, realpart, imagpart): ... self.r = realpart ... self.i = imagpart ... >>> x = Complex(3.0, -4.5) >>> x.r, x.i (3.0, -4.5) 19. Module Program in Python (Fibonacci Series)
A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. The file name is the module name with the suffix .py appended. Within a module, the modules name (as a string) is available as the value of the
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global variable __name__. For instance, use your favorite text editor to create a file called fibo.py in the current directory with the following contents: Step 1: Fibo.py def fib(n): # write Fibonacci series up to n a, b = 0, 1 while b < n: print b, a, b = b, a+b Step 2: >>> import fibo Step 3: >>> fibo.fib(1000) 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987
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Ex No. 12 Setting Up The Complete Network Interface
Aim:
To set up the complete network interface using ifconfig command like setting gateway, DNS, IP tables.
Algorithm:
ifconfig
1. Check for network manager status $service NetworkManager status
2. Login as superuser $su 3. Check ip address and note it down #ifconfig 4. Now stop the network manager service #service NetworkManager stop #ifconfig
5. Next stop the local network service also #service network stop
#service network #ifconfig
6. Check network status #service network status 7. Now configure ip address #ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.12 netmask
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255.255.255.0 #ifconfig 8. Next enable the loop up #ifconfig lo up 9. Try stopping network again #ifdown eth0 #ifconfig 10. Bring up the network service #ifconfig eth0 up #ifconfig service
11. Repeat step 7 for setting ip address
Note : The ip address which u set must be unique. U can set the ip address which you have noted down in the beginning of the exercise.
Gateway
1. Check for existing gateway #route n

2. Delete default gateway #route del default
3. Add default gateway again #route add default gw 192.168.1.1 #route n
Domain Name Server (DNS)
1. Edit resolv.conf file and add the below lines #vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.1.173 nameserver 4.2.2.2 #ifconfig
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#route n 2. Check the resolv.conf file #cat ../etc/resolv.conf
Configuring eth0
1. Open eth0 configuration file #vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 2. Edit the following lines BOOTPROTO=static (below onboot edit the following lines) IPADDR=192.168.1.12 (use ur ip add) NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0 #ifconfig 3. Start the eth0 service ifup eth0

#ifconfig #route n
4. Edit the network file under /etc #vi /etc/sysconfig/network Add the following line GATEWAY=192.168.1.172 5. Now restart network service #service network restart #ifconfig #route n
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CS2406-OPEN SOURCE LAB

OPEN SOURCE LAB

Ex No. 1 Kernel Configuration, Compilation and Installation

1. Check for the current version of the working kernel

2. Download the kernel source code from

3. Extract the kernel source code (through GUI) or terminal

tar zxvf linux-2.6.35.7.tar.gz

4. Inside the kernel source directory, open the Makefile

5. Look for the line EXTRAVERSION and append a name

(choose the desired kernel options)

(builds the kernel)

10. chmod 755 /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35.7

11. make modules

(builds the kernel modules)

13. mkinitrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.35.7.img 2.6.35.7-<extra-ver>

Note: check for the newly created directory in the

/lib/modules directory and give the name above

Ex No. 2 Virtualisation Environment

1. Download the fdbasecd.iso from www.freedos.org (or) from fosslab server

2. qemu-img create virtualdisk.img 100M

3. qemu -hda virtualdisk.img -cdrom fdbasecd.iso -boot d

4. After booting through QEMU, select 1 to boot from CDROM

5. Select Language - English US

6. Select option to boot FreeDOS from CDROM

8. Enable Large disk support (Y)

9. Create DOS partition -> Primary DOS partition

10. Make the whole DOS Primary partition as Active (Y)

Ex No. 3 Compiling from Source

4. Move to rpmbuild folder in Home directory and rpmbuild folder $cd ..

$cd rpmbuild $cd SOURCES

5. Extract webattery package $tar zxvf webattery-1.2.tar.gz

6. Move to webattery-1.2 directory $cd webattery-1.2

7. Perform configuration $./configure 8. Do make $make 9. Login as superuser $su

Ex No. 4 Packet Management System

gpgcheck=0 save the file :wq

YUM fedora.repo, fedora-updates.repo 1. Loginassuperuser /etc/yum.repos.d/ $su

6. Now install XFCE #yum groupinstall XFCE

7. Now install kernel

#yum install kernel rpmfusionfree.repo, rpmfusion-nonfree

baseurl=http://fosslabserver/f14repo/rpmfusion/i386/nonfree/ save the file

11. Now check if packages are included #yum search vlc

Ex No. 5 Installing Various Software Packages

under CUPS for administrators select Adding Printers and Classes

5. View the ipv6 table #ip6tables L

7. Check enforce status #getenforce #setenforce (to enable enforce) #setenforce 0

# service nmb status

Ex No. 6 FUSE - File System in User Space

Downloads and extract fuse.gz (or)

$wget http://fosslabserver.linuxpertsystem.in/osslab/samples/fuze.gz $tar zxvf fuse.gz

Ex No. 7 GUI Programming Using GAMBAS2

1. Go to Applications 2. Under Programming

2. Check for java / jre installed status $rpm qa | grep java

4. DownloadCollabNetSubversionEdge-1.3.2_linux-x86_64.tar.gz downloads folder 5. Go to Places Downloads and extract CollabNetSubversionEdge-

1.3.2_linux-x86_64.tar.gz 6. Login as superuser and edit sudo $su #visudo

version $java version $which java

$bin/csvn start 14.Check for bin/csvn console status

Ex No. 9 PERL programming

cow Buffalo Camel 2 cow 3 4. Hash in PERL #!usr/bin/perl

output: [linuxpert@localhost hash.pl red ~]$ perl

5. To display all values in hash #!usr/bin/perl

[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl hashvalues.pl red

[linuxpert@localhost ~]$ perl ifloop.pl 10 100 10

8. If not loop (unless)in perl #!usr/bin/perl $a=5;