MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF.

INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

GIGAR GETANEH COST EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTION

November5th 2008

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Excavationforfoundationwithterraces

27.04.2009

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Footings,leanconcreteandcolumnformworks.

27.04.2009

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Foundationwithfootingcolumnsandbackfilluptoterracelevel.

27.04.2009

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Leanconcreteandgradebeams.

27.04.2009

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Gradebeamswithbackfill,hardcore,temperaturereinforcementwithout expansionjoints.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Gradebeamswithgroundfloorconcrete,expansionjointsandcolumnsuptofirst floor.

27.04.2009

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Temporarysupportforprecastbeams(slabconstruction).

27.04.2009

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Installationofprecastbeams.

27.04.2009

10

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Precastbeamsandslabhollowblocksinstalled.

27.04.2009

11

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Precastbeamsandslabhollowblocksinstalled.

27.04.2009

12

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Thefinishedfirstfloorslab.

27.04.2009

13

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Theloadbearingpartoftheslab(withouthollowblocks).

27.04.2009

14

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ConstructionMethodologiesonSite
Connectiondetailatcolumnjoints.

27.04.2009

15

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ContentforStructuralDesignPresentation
1.
1. 2. 3.

CostEfficientProjectinUCBP.
HowtoachieveCostEfficientProjects. TypeofElementsUsedinUCBP. Integrationofprecastbeamandhollowblocks.

2.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

DesignofPrecastBeam
Detailofprecastbeam. Designingprecastbeams.
1. 2. Initialcondition. FinalCondition. l d

Typeofloadstobeconsidered. Conditionfortemporarysupports. Calculationforbottomreinforcement.

3. 3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Designofmainstructuralmembers Design of main structural members

Mainstructuralmemberstobedesigned. Softwarestobeused. Structuralmodeling. S uc u a d a gs a d epo s Structuraldrawingsandreports. AdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheconstructionmethodologyinUCBP. Costcomparisonbetweensolidslabandribbedslabfortwobuildingtypes.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

CONSIDERATIONSONCOST EFFICIENTPROJECTINUCBP

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.HOWTOACHIEVECOSTEFFICIENTPROJECT 1 HOW TO ACHIEVE COST EFFICIENT PROJECT

DetailedandClearProjectProposal. D t il d d Cl P j tP l CostEfficientDesign[forMP,AR,ST,SN,EL,ME,etc]. DetailandClearBOQ. DetailandClearTechnicalSpecification. EfficientConstructionTimeSchedule. CompleteandClearTenderDocument. Complete and Clear Tender Document Efficientprojectmanagement. Assignexperiencedcontractorwithinsimilarproject. Intensivesupervisionforqualityandconstructionimplementationcontrol accordingtothedesign.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2TYPEOFPREFABELEMENTSUSEDINUCBPPROJECT. 1 2 TYPE OF PREFAB ELEMENTS USED IN UCBP PROJECT

1. RibbedSlabHollowBlocks. 2. PrecastBeams. 2 Precast Beams 3. WallHollowBlocks.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2.1SYSTEMOFPREFABELEMENTSCONSTRUCTION IN3D

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2.2RIBBEDSLABHOLLOWBLOCK

TherearetwotypesofslabhollowBlocks. yp NonBlindedHollowBlocks. Non Blinded Hollow Blocks OneSideBlindedHollowBlocks.

Thiselementsareusedfortheslabasformwork(this elementsarenotstructuralmembers).

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2.3NON BLINDEDHOLLOWBLOCK 1 2 3 NON BLINDED HOLLOW BLOCK

This type of block are used in the internal part of the slab

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2.4ONESIDEDBLINDEDHOLLOWBLOCK 1 2 4 ONE SIDED BLINDED HOLLOW BLOCK

This type of block are used at the edge of the slab.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

Usingonesideblindedhollowblockavoidstheuseofcementpaperand otherfillingmaterialsandalsosavestheconsumptionofconcrete.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2.5DIMENSIONSOFRIBBEDSLABHOLLOWBLOCKUSEDIN UCBPPROJECT.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2.6.PRECASTBEAM 1 2 6 PRECAST BEAM

Thiselementisusedintheslabasamainstructuralmember.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2.7.WALLHOLLOWBLOCKS 1 2 7 WALL HOLLOW BLOCKS

Full Hcb for Partition Walls

Half Hcb for Partition Walls

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

1.2.8INTEGERATIONOFPRECAST BEAMAND HOLLOWBLOCKS

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.DESIGNINGOFPRECASTBEAM

TypicalPrecastBeamModeling T i lP B M d li

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.1DETAILOFPRECASTBEAMSECTION 2 1 DETAIL OF PRECAST BEAM SECTION

Top Reinforcement Diagonal or Shear Reinforcement

Concrete Bottom Reinforcement

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

PrecastBeamDetails

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.2SLABTOBEDESIGNED 2 2 SLAB TO BE DESIGNED

Ribbed Slab Detail
Concrete Slab Structural Element

Precast Beams Structural Element

Slab Hollow Blocks Non-Structural Element

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3 DESIGNINGPRECASTBEAMS 2 3 DESIGNING PRECAST BEAMS

Todesigntheprecastbeamweusethefollowing twoconditions. 1. Initialcondition. 2. FinalCondition. 2 Fi l C di i

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3.1.INITIALCONDITION 2 3 1 INITIAL CONDITION

InitialConditionisthephaseduringwhichthe Initial Condition is the phase during which the slabisunderconstructionwhenplacingprecast beams,ribbedslabhollowblocksandconcrete beams ribbed slab hollow blocks and concrete influidstate.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3.1.1CONDITIONOFSLAB(CASE1) 2 3 1 1 CONDITION OF SLAB(CASE 1)

Case 1 During placing and arranging the ribbed slab hollow blocks.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

CONTD CONTD

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3.1.2TYPESOFLOADSTOBECONSIDEREDFOR INITIALCONDITIONS(CASE1)

Case1
DeadLoads(DL) ( )
WeightofPrecastBeams Ribbed Slab Hollow Blocks RibbedSlabHollowBlocks

LiveLoad(LL)
During placing of Hollow Blocks (1 KN / M2 ) DuringplacingofHollowBlocks(1KN/M2

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3.2.3CONDITIONOFTHESLAB(CASE2) 2 3 2 3 CONDITION OF THE SLAB (CASE 2)

During the casting of slab in which the concrete is in a fluid state.

Cast In situ concrete in Fluid State In-situ

INITIAL CONDITION

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

CONTD CONTD

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3.1.2TYPESOFLOADSTOBECONSIDEREDFORINITIAL CONDITIONS(CASE2)

DeadLoads.
WeightofPrecastBeams RibbedSlabHollowBlocks. Insituconcrete(influidstate).

LiveLoads.
DuringCastingofConcrete(0.5KN/M2 ) g g ( / Pd=1.3*DL+1.6*LL

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.4CONDITIONFORTEMPORARYSUPPORT 2 4 CONDITION FOR TEMPORARY SUPPORT

CheckingifTemporarySupportisneeded. 1. Top reinforcement will be assumed and its buckling Topreinforcementwillbeassumedanditsbuckling requirementwillbechecked.

C
z

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

CONT D CONTD
Nsc=Md /z
Nsc= Compression Force =CompressionForce. Md =DesignMoment. z = Lever arm z=Leverarm.

a>Nsc /(X *As).

X is a reduction factor and can be found by calculating isareductionfactorandcanbefoundbycalculating andreadfromEBCS 3Article4.5.4.2.andtable4.9 As =Areaofsteel. s a=Allowablestressforsteel

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

CONT D CONTD
2. Thediagonalreinforcementwillbechecked forshear.
TemporarySupportsarethenprovidedifitdoesnt satisfythegoverningdesignininitialcase1or2 satisfy the governing design in initial case 1 or 2 above.

Temporary Support

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.4.1TEMPORARYSUPPORTS

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LECTURE 2

Exampleoftemporarysupportwitheucalyptusposts

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

Exampleoftemporarysupportwithsteelposts

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3.2FINALCONDITION

Cast In-situ concrete after attaining Final Strength

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3.2.1DESIGNINGFORTHEFINALCONDITION 2 3 2 1 DESIGNING FOR THE FINAL CONDITION

Weusethefollowingloads. DeadLoads(DL) Dead Loads (DL) WeightofPrecastBeams RibbedSlabHollowBlocks Castinsituconcrete FinishingMaterials LiveLoad(LL) DependingonthepurposeoftheStructure theliveloadwillbeassumedfromtheEthiopianBuildingCode ofStandards(EBCS11995).

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

CONT D CONTD
Basedontheaboveloadingconditionthebottom reinforcementisdesignedusingUltimatelimitstatedesign. Serviceabilitylimitsate(SLS)isalsousedforcheckingthe deflectionofthebeam. Pd=DesignLoad. DL=DeadLoad LL=LiveLoad.
Pd=1.3DL+1.6LL(ULS) Pd = 1 3 DL + 1 6 LL (ULS) Pd=DL+LL(SLS)

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

2.3.2.2CALCULATIONOFBOTTOMREINFORCEMENT 2.3.2.2 CALCULATION OF BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT

Md =Pd *L2 /8.

d=D C /2. /
D=Totaldepth. d=Effectivedepth. p C=Concretecover. =DiameterofReinforcement

BasedonEBCS21995wecancalculatethe bottomreinforcementfortheprecastbeam. b i f f h b

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.DESIGNOFMAINSTRUCTURALMEMBERSFOR THEBUILDING
Datastobegathered Seismiczone oftheregionwherethebuildingis locatedshouldbeclassified. WindLoads oftheregionshouldalsobe considered. Bearingcapacity ofthesoilshouldbedetermined. Etc..

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.1MAINSTRUCTURALMEBERSTOBEDESIGNED 3 1 MAIN STRUCTURAL MEBERS TO BE DESIGNED

Truss. Beam. Column. Column Footing. Shearwall. Etc.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.2SOFTWARETOBEUSED 3 2 SOFTWARE TO BE USED

S StructuralSoftwarefor3DmodelingofFrame. lS f f 3D d li fF IInthisparticulardesign,weuseSAP2000 thi ti l d i SAP 2000

SAP2000Nonlinear. ETABS N Li ETABSNonLinear. SAFEPlus.

Softwaretoanalyzetheframe. T i lif TosimplifyourmethodofdesignwecanuseExcel th d f d i E l spreadsheetformatsbasedonbuildingcodes.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.3STRUCTURALMODELLINGS 3 3 STRUCTURAL MODELLINGS

Therearethreetypesofmodelingmethodsfor thestructure.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.3.1Model1
Loadtheprecastbeamreactionsonthemaingirderbeams.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.3.2Model2
Layingtheprecastbeamsonthemaingirderbeamsandanalyzingasa i h b h i id b d l i wholesystemwiththeframe

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.3.3Model3
Meshingthewholesystem.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.3.4FRAMEDSTRUCTUREFORMODEL2 3 3 4 FRAMED STRUCTURE FOR MODEL 2

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.3.5DESIGNOFSTRUCTURALELEMENTS 3.3.5 DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

FinallybyusingETHIOPIANBUILDINGCODEOF STANDARDS(EBCS) andtheanalysisresult(Moment, Shearforce,etc)fromSAP2000todesignthefollowing structuralelements: Sl b Slab. Column. Beam. Footing. Truss.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

3.3.6STRUCTURALDRAWINGSANDREPORTS 3 3 6 STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS AND REPORTS

Typeofdrawingstobeincludedduringsubmittal. T fd i t b i l d dd i b itt l
Plansforslabreinforcementtoageneralscaleof1:50. Foundationlayoutplantoageneralscaleof1:50. y p g Foundationreinforcementdetailtoageneralscaleof1:20. Framedstructurebeam&columnprofiletoageneralscaleof 1:20. 1:20 TrussLayout&Detail

Allstructuraldrawingsshallcorrespondtothestatical reportforfinalsubmission.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

ADVANTAGESOFTHISCONSTRUCTIONMETHODOLGYINUCBP ADVANTAGES OF THIS CONSTRUCTION METHODOLGY IN UCBP

Advantages
C Componentsarereadymadeandselfsupporting(shuttering t d d d lf ti ( h tt i formworkandscaffoldingcostarethusminimized). Repetitiveuseofmouldsforproducingprecastelementsreduceunit costpermould. cost per mould Savingoftimeastheprecastelementscanbecastedinparallelwith otherstructuralelements(evenduringfoundationwork),finishes a d se ces ca be andservicescanbe do e be o t e s ab donebelowtheslabimmediately.Inthe ed ate y. t e conventionalmethodduetoprops,workcannotbedonetilltheyare removed. Abetterqualitycontrolintheproductionofprecastelementscanbe achieved.Thereisdisciplineduseofscarcematerialslikecementand steel.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

Cont d Contd
Similartypeofconstructionelementsareproducedrepeatedly resultinginincreasedproductivityandeconomiccosttoo. ( ) Precastconstructionwillnotbeaffectedduetoweather(rain). Theworkatsiteisreducedtotheminimumandthereforeworkis bettermorereliableandclean. Returnofinvestmentwillbeachievedbyusingefficient constructiontimeschedule.(Thehousecanbeoccupiedearly). CostEffectiveness. HigherQuality. HigherReliabilityofQuality. ImprovedQualityControl. Easier Implementation of Quality Standards. EasierImplementationofQualityStandards.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

DISADVANTAGESOFTHISCONSTRUCTIONMETHODOLGYIN UCBP Disadvantages

There is a chance of water leakage / seepage in the toilet areas Thereisachanceofwaterleakage/seepageinthetoiletareas throughthejointsbetweenprecastelementsorthinnersectionof topping,extracareisrequiredtomakethemleakproof. Asprecastelementshavetobehavemonolithic,extrareinforcement maybenecessaryatjointsduetoaccidentalfixity. Additional temporary eucalyptus props are required in some cases Additionaltemporaryeucalyptuspropsarerequiredinsomecases beforetheinsituconcretejointsachievestrength.

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

Modelingfortemporarysupport usingSteelprops
CurrentModelingforSteel Prop

SteelProp

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

Modelingfortemporarysupport usingEucalyptusprops

Eucalyptusprop Eucalyptus prop

CurrentModelingfor Eucalyptusprop

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

CostcomparisonbetweenSteelandEucalyptusprops Cost comparison between Steel and Eucalyptus props

Comparison Between Eucalyptus and Steel Post

800 700

Cost of Each Pos t st

600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101 106 111 116 121 126 131 136 141 146 Eucalyptus Props Steel Props

Number of Cycle of Post

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROF. INGO BECKER

LECTURE 2