Bng tra cu lnh c bn Unix/Linux

Cc lnh x l tp tin
ls lit k ni dung th mc hin ti ls -al lit k c nh dng v c tp tin n cd dir - chuyn t th mc hin ti sang dir cd chuyn t th mc hin ti v th mc ring pwd hin th mc hin ti mkdir dir to th mc dir rm file xa tp tin file rm -r dir xa th mc dir rm -f file p xa tp tin file rm -rf dir p xa th mc dir * cp file1 file2 chp tp tin file1 sang file2 cp -r dir1 dir2 chp th mc dir1 sang dir2; to dir2 nu cha tn ti mv file1 file2 i tn hoc di chuyn tp tin file1 thnh file2; nu file2 l mt th mc c sn, di chuyn file1 vo th mc file2 ln -s file link to lin kt biu tng link n tp tin file touch file to hoc cp nht tp tin file cat > file Nhp t bn phm (u vo chun standard input) vo tp tin file mi more file hin ni dung tp tin file head file hin 10 dng u ca tp tin file tail file hin 10 dng cui ca tp tin file tail -f file hin ni dung ca tp tin file v cp nht lin tc, khi u vi 10 dng cui ps hin nhng tin trnh ang hot ng tch cc top hin tt c cc tin trnh ang hot ng kill pid p thot tin trnh c m pid killall proc p thot cc tin trnh tn proc * bg hin cc cng vic kt thc hoc ang chy nn; tip tc mt cng vic tm ngng fg ngng chy nn (chuyn sang foreground) vi cng vic gn y nht fg n ngng chy nn vi cng vic n locate file tm tt c cc tp tin c tn file

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Thng tin h thng

date hin ngy gi hin ti cal hin lch thng ny uptime hin thi gian t lc bt my w hin nhng ngi ang ng nhp whoami hin tn ti khon ca bn finger user hin thng tin v ti khon user uname -a hin thng tin v nhn HH cat /proc/cpuinfo hin thng tin v CPU cat /proc/meminfo hin thng tin v b nh man command hin hng dn cho lnh command df hin mc s dng a du hin dung lng th mc free hin dung lng b nh trng v lng b nh tro i (swap) dng whereis app hin ng dn ca ng dng app which app cho bit lnh no s c chy mc nh thay cho app

Nn
tar cf file.tar files to mt tp tar c tn file.tar cha cc tp tin khc tar xf file.tar gii phng cc tp tin t file.tar tar czf file.tar.gz files to mt tp tar c nn bng Gzip tar xzf file.tar.gz gii nn mt tp tar bng Gzip tar cjf file.tar.bz2 to mt tp tar c nn bng Bzip2 tar xjf file.tar.bz2 gii nn mt tp tar bng Bzip2 gzip file nn file v i tn thnh file.gz gzip -d file.gz gii nn file.gz ping host gi lnh ping n my host v hin kt qu whois domain kim tra thng tin whois ca tn min domain dig domain kim tra thng tin DNS ca tn min domain dig -x host tm ngc tn min ca my host wget file ti tp tin file wget -c file tip tc ti tp tin ang d

Qun l tin trnh

Mng

Quyn s dng tp tin

chmod octal file thay i quyn s dng ca tp tin file thnh octal. Mi ch s ng vi tng ti khon c c bng cch cng cc s sau: 4 c (r) 2 ghi (w) 1 thc thi (x) V d: chmod 777 tt c u c 3 quyn chmod 755 rwx cho ngi s hu, rx cho nhm s hu v cc ti khon khc Xem man chmod bit thm chi tit. ssh user@host kt ni n my host vi ti khon user ssh -p port user@host kt ni n my host qua cng port vi ti khon user ssh-copy-id user@host thm kha cng cng ca ti khon user vo my host thit lp ng nhp khng cn mt khu (ng nhp c kha)

Ci t
Ci t t m ngun: ./configure make make install dpkg -i pkg.deb ci gi phn mm (Debian) rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm ci gi phn mm (RPM)

SSH

Phm tt
Ctrl+C dng hon ton lnh ang chy Ctrl+Z tm dng lnh hin ti, tip tc chy nn bng lnh bg hoc chy chnh vi lnh fg Ctrl+D thot khi phin lm vic hin ti, ging vi exit Ctrl+W xa mt t trong dng hin ti Ctrl+U xa c dng Ctrl+R hin danh sch cc lnh gn y !! - lp li lnh gn y nht exit thot khi phin lm vic hin ti *: phi cc k cn thn khi dng.
ND: Ng Trung <ndtrung4419@gmail.com>

Tm kim
grep pattern files tm mu lp pattern trong cc tp tin files grep -r pattern dir tm mu lp pattern trong th mc dir v tt c cc th mc con (recursive) command | grep pattern tm mu lp pattern trong u ra ca lnh command