Homework 5: Solutions

E2:A current of 2.5 A ows through a battery for 1 min. How much charge passes through the battery in that time? E2 Solution Current is simply the amount of charge that passes through a section of wire in a time interval: q I= t Solving for q: q = I t = (2.5 A)(60 s) = (2.5 C/s)(60 s) = 150 c where we have used the conversion: 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb Second

E3: A 24- resistor in a circuit has a voltage dierence of 6 V across its leads. What is the current through this resistor? E3 Solution Using Ohms law: V = IR We solve for the current: I= V 6V = = .25 A R 24

E5: A current of 0.6 A ows through a resistor with a voltage dierence of 120 V across it. What is the resistance of the resistor? E5 Solution Using Ohms law: V = IR We solve for the resistance: R= V 120 V = = 200 I 0.6 A

E9: Three resistors are connected to a 6-V battery. 1

1. What is the current through the 15- resistance? 2. Does this same current ow through the 25- resistance? 3. What is the voltage dierence across the 20- resistance? E9 Solution 1. We will solve the problem by noting that since all of our resistors are connected in series, they all have the same current going through them. Therefore, we have to nd the equivalent resistance and use Ohms law to nd the current going through our 15- resistor: Rseries = 15 + 25 + 20 = 60 Solving Ohms law for I: I= V 6V V = = 0.1 A = R Rseries 60

2. Yes, all of our resistors are in series so all of them have the same current owing through them. 3. Using Ohms law and the current we found in part 1: V = IR = (.1 A)(20) = 2 V E12: Three identical resistances, each 24-, are connected in parallel with one another. The combination is connected to a 12-V battery whose internal resistance is negligible. 1. What is the equivalent resistance of this parallel combination? 2. What is the total current through the combination? 3. How much current ows through each resistor in the combination? E12 Solution 1. Using the equation for the equivalent resistance of parallel resistors: 1 Rparallel = = 1 1 1 3 + + = 24 24 24 24 24 Rparallel = = 8 3 2

2. Using Ohms law and the equivalent resistance we found in part 1, we solve for I and nd: I= V Rparallel = 12 V = 1.5 A 8

3. Because each resistor is in parallel, we know that the voltage dierence across each branch is the same (V = 12 V). Since we are interested in the voltage dierence across one branch, we dont use the equivalent resistance we just need one resistor. Using Ohms law and solving for the current: 12 V V = = .5 A I= R 24 E16: A toaster draws a current of 7 A when it is connected to a 110-V ac line. 1. What is the power consumption of this toaster? 2. What is the resistance of the heating element in the toaster? E16 Solution 1. Using our equation for power: P = EI = (110 V)(7 A) = 770 W 2. To solve this, we use Ohms law (E = V = IR) and the equation for power: P = EI = I 2 R Solving for R: R= 770 W 770 W P = = 15.71 2 2 I (7 A) 49 A2

SP1: In the circuit shown (page 279), the internal resistance of the battery can be considered negligible. 1. What is the equivalent resistance of the two-resistor parallel combination? 2. What is the total current owing through the battery? 3. What is the total current owing through the 6- resistor? 3

4. What is the power dissipated in the 8- resistor? 5. Is the current owing through the 8- resistor greater or less than that owing through the 6- resistor? Explain. SP1 Solution 1. The equivalent resistance of the two-resistor parallel combination is given by: 1 Rparallel = = 1 1 3 + = 6 12 12 12 Rparallel = = 4 3

2. Now that we have an equivalent resistance for the parallel branch, our circuit can be thought of as having only two resistors in series (The 8 resistor and the Rparallel = 4 resistor). Because both of these resistors are in series, we know that they have the same current owing through them. We nd the equivalent resistance of these resistors and then solve for the current using Ohms law: Rseries = 8 + Rparallel = 8 + 4 = 12 Plugging this into Ohms law and solving for the current: I= V Rseries = 1.5 V = .125 A = 125 mA 12

3. To nd the current owing through the 6 resistor, we note that the voltage dierence across the parallel branch is (using Ohms law): Vparallel = IRparallel = (125 mA)(4) = 500 mV = .5 V We know that the voltage dierence across parallel branches is the same, so we can solve for the current through the 6 resistance through Ohms law. Solving for the current: I6 = Vparallel 500 mV = 83.3 mA 6 6

4. To nd the power dissipated in the 8 resistor, we use the power equation: P = I 2 R = (.125 A)2 (8) = (0.015625 A2 )(8) = .125 W = 125 mW 4

5. The current owing through the 8 resistor is greater than the current owing through the 6 resistor. Direct calculation provides good a good explaination. In part 3 we found that the current going through the 6 resistor is 83.3 mA. In part 2 we found that the current owing through the battery is 125 mA and because the battery is in series with the 8 resistor, we know that they have the same current owing through them. SP5: A 600-W toaster, a 1200-W iron, and a 500-W food processor are all connected to the same 115-V household circuit, fused at 15 A. 1. What is the current drawn by each of these appliances? 2. If these appliances are all turned on at the same time, will there be a problem? Explain. 3. What is the resistance of the heating element in the iron? SP5 Solution 1. To nd the current drawn by each of these appliances, we use the power equation and solve for the current: P = EI = I = So: Itoaster = Iiron Iprocessor 600 W 5.2 A 115 V 1200 W 10.4 A = 115 V 500 W = 4.3 A 115 V P E

2. Yes. In a 115 V household circuit fused at 15 A, the maximum power output we can get is: Pmax = EIfuse = (115 V)(15 A) = 1725 W. If we add up all of the power that each appliance uses, we get: Ptotal = Ptoaster +Piron +Pprocessor = 600 W+1200 W+500 W = 2300 W We see that Ptotal > Pmax This tells us that our fuse will be blown if we connect all of our appliances. 5

3. Using the power equation and solving for resistance, we nd: Riron = Piron 1200 W 1200 W 11 = = 2 2 Iiron (10.4 A) 108.16 A2

Supplemental Problem 1: If a 60 W bulb is left on continuously for 24 hours, how much energy is used each month? Supplemental Problem 1 Solution A typical month has 30 days. We rst have to convert this into seconds: 30 days = 30 days 24 hours day = 2592000 seconds 60 minutes hour 60 seconds minute

Note: 1 W = 1 Joule/s. Therefore in one month of continuous use, a 60 W bulb uses: (60 Joules/s)(2592000 s) = 155520000 Joules = 155520 kJ Supplemental Problem 2: A 1400 W heater for a sauna requires 40 minutes to heat the sauna to 190 degrees F. What does this cost if electricity sells for 15 cents/ kWh? Supplemental Problem 2 Solution Note: 1400 W = 1.4 kW, 40 minutes = 2/3 hours. Therefore: (1.4kW) 15 cents kW hours 2 hours 3 = 14 cents