WEAR RATE

2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 PEEK 30% GF PEEK POLY URETHANE ALUMINA

WEIGHT LOSS (GRAMS)

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Peek 30% gf peek poly urethane alumina

MATERIALS

Factors influencing the rate

The annealing temperature has a dramatic influence on the rate of recrystallization which is reflected in the above equations. However, for a given temperature there are several additional factors that will influence the rate. The rate of recrystallization is heavily influenced by the amount of deformation and, to a lesser extent, the manner in which it is applied. Heavily deformed materials will recrystallize more rapidly than those deformed to a lesser extent. Indeed, below a certain deformation recrystallization may never occur. Deformation at higher temperatures will allow concurrent recovery and so such materials will recrystallize more slowly than those deformed at room temperature e.g. contrast hot and cold rolling. In certain cases deformation may be unusually homogeneous or occur only on specific crystallographic planes. The absence of orientation gradients and other heterogeneities may prevent the formation of viable nuclei. Experiments in the 1970s found that molybdenum deformed to a true strain of 0.3, recrystallized most rapidly

when tensioned and at decreasing rates for wire drawing, rolling and compression (Barto & Ebert 1971). The orientation of a grain and how the orientation changes during deformation influence the accumulation of stored energy and hence the rate of recrystallization. The mobility of the grain boundaries is influenced by their orientation and so some crystallographic textures will result in faster growth than others. Solute atoms, both deliberate additions and impurities, have a profound influence on the recrystallization kinetics. Even minor concentrations may have a substantial influence e.g. 0.004% Fe increases the recrystallization temperature by around 100C (Humphreys and Hatherly 2004). It is currently unknown whether this effect is primarily due to the retardation of nucleation or the reduction in the mobility of grain boundaries i.e. growth.

There are many factors affecting crystallization but the basic factors are:1. The concentration of the solution 2. The temperature to which the solution is heated or cooled 3. The nature of the solute like solubility etc. 4. Pressure around 5. Time 6. The pureness of crystals