tariel futkaraZe (saqarTvelos sapatriarqos andria saxelobis qarTuli universitetis qarTvelologiis centri)

pirvelwodebulis

TurqeTis moqalaqe avtoqTon qarTvelTa enobriv-eTnikuri identobisaTvis (taoeli qarTvelebi)

Zveli wyaroebis mixedviT, taos nawili - amJamindeli iusufelis raioni - qarTvel TavadTa - kavkasiZeTa - samflobelod iTvleboda: "kavkasisZe misiTa mamuliTa: parxali misiTa SesavliTa da aznauris SvilebiTa saymo samwysoTi..." (taos Sesaxeb vrclad ix., r. gujejiani, t.
futkaraZe, iusufelis /istoriuli taos/ qarTulenovan sofelTa eTnolingvisturi mimoxilva - I xevai (Biakilar), qarTveluri memkvidreoba, XIII, quTaisi, 2009).

kavkasiZeTa cixe da samlocvelo:

cnobilia isic, rom tao-klarjeTi istoriulad Sedis qarTuli eklesiis sazRvrebSi, kerZod, iSxnis saepiskoposoSi: "iSxnelis samwyso: gurjiboRazs aqeT, sula TorTomi, taos qvemoTi artanujs Tavis sakrulavi hqvian imas aqeTi, gaRma orjoxis mTis aqeTi, sula sakavkasiZo, ispir-trapizonis mTas gardamoRma" (d. baqraZe, arqeologiuri mogzauroba guriasa da aWaraSi (atlasiTurT), "sabWoTa aWara". baTumi, 1987, gv. 75-76).

dRes istoriuli tao Sedis TurqeTis respublikis arTvinis ilSi Semaval raionSi - iusufelis ilCeSi /Yusufeli, Republic of Turkey/. aqve aRvniSnav, rom me-20 saukunis 30-ian wlebSi TurqeTis xelisuflebam saxelebi gadaarqva qarTul soflebs. dRes, qarTuli rukebisgan gansxvavebiT, oficialur Turqul rukebze sruliad gamqralia soflebis tradiciuli saxelebi - Zveli qarTuli toponimia; sabednierod, taoklarjeTis (arTvinis mxaris) qarTulenovan da Turqulenovan sofelTa mcxovrebni sofelTa saxelad dRemde swored tradiciul qarTul toponimias iyeneben. istoriul taoSi qarTveli mecnierebi da studentebi bolo dromde ver Sediodnen. taos soflebis daTvaliereba da aq mecnieruli eqspediciebi amJamindeli TurqeTis xelisuflebis mier ar izRudeba. taos mkvidr avtoqTon qarTvelTagan erTi nawili inarCunebs enobriveTnikur meobas (TurqeTis moqalaqe yvela qarTveli TurqeTis saxelmwifos erTgulia; Sesabamisad, misi saxelmwifoebriv-nacionaluri meoba Turqulia); did nawils ki ukve daviwyebuli aqvs istoriuli dedaena da enobriv-eTnikuradac Turqad miiCnevs Tavs; maT qarTvelobas cxadyofs: - Turqulenovan metyvelebaSi didi doziT Semonaxuli qarTuli enis substratuli fena /fonematur struqturaSi e.w. kavkasiur xSulTa arseboba, palatalizebuli xmovnebis nakleboba, mravalricxovani qarTuli leqsika... /; - dasaxlebul punqtebSi arsebuli mikrotoponimiis udidesi nawilis qarTulenovnoba; - mravalmxrivi eTnografiuli maxasiaTeblebi; - gadmocemebi Tamar mefis Sesaxeb; - garegnoba (anTropologiuri maxasiaTeblebi) da sxv. mikrotoponimiis Sesaxeb ix., mag., sofel oTxTis /dorTqilisas/ Sesaxeb humanitarul mecnierebaTa magistris, neriman albairaqis sadiplomo namuSevarSi mocemuli masala, kerZod, sofel oTxTis mikrotoponimebi: solbiaT (solab-i - marcvali (abulaZe); sal (sal-i - maRali tini, klde (saba); ifinT (ifn-i - xe (saba); abaneT; gongirev; patara boRaz patara yeli; quabun boini (saqvabe adgili); zaTqeTxev; aTqeTxev - aqeTa xevi; Worla (talaxiani adgili; Sdr. Wor-of-a; Wor-o-x-i); SavSeT; jvarqeT; Suare /Sua adgili/; farT /didi adgili/; murxajgil (muxnari); basileT... (naSromi inaxeba andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul univeristetSi). msgavsi viTareba gvaqvs soflebSic: parxali, zemvani (<zemo vani), ermenxevai (adgilobrivi warmoTqmiT), devTisa, sarigevli, utavi, kanWaloSi, axalTi, kerevlaTi, dutTere (yvela am soflis saxelic da mikrotoponimiac ZiriTadad qarTulia, mosaxleoba Turqulad metyvelebs, Tumca maT TurqulSi qarTuli enis substrati aSkarad Cans). iusufelis raionSi mcxovreb qarTvelTagan istoriuli dedaena Semonaxulia parxaliswylis xeobis zog sofelSi da parxaliswylis Senakadis xevas xevSi arsebuli yvela Temis/sazogadoebis yvela sofelSi,
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kerZod: qobaSi, balxis sazogadoebis soflebSi da xevas Semdeg soflebSi /romlebic zogan ubnebad iwodeba/: iveTi, oblekari, sadriyana, vaCekari, kravekari, qelaZori, hesevikari, dolekari, Weilenkari, qorieTi dolenjakari, godRekari, baslekari, qonobani, eliasxevi da sxv. Sdr., xevas xevis (adgilobrivTa warmoTqmiT: xevais) nasoflarTa saxelebic: veliTavi, WirxlaqeTi, yuledibi, cerekari, azlenkari, Sablinkari, fiSnaxevi, kuareTi, bowminda... xevas xevis soflebis mkvidrT Semonaxuli aqvT qarTuli folklori, qarTuli kerZebi da sxva qarTuli eTnografiuli maxasiaTeblebic; ix., mag., xeveli qarTvelebis ferxuli:

taoeli qarTvelebi, saerTod, TurqeTis moqalqe qarTvelebi, kargad erkvevian osmaleTisa da TurqeTis istoriaSi da TurqeTis saxelmwifos didi patriotebic arian; amave dros, maT sustad ician TavianTi eTnikuri istoria. rogorc aRvniSneT, Tanamedrove taos mkvidri qarTvelebis did nawils aRarc Tavisi dedaena axsovs da arc Tavisi qarTuli fesvebis Sesaxeb aqvs informacia. isini TavianTi qarTuli warmomavlobis Sesaxeb rom igeben, bunebrivia, iTxoven argumentebs. istoriul qarTul wyaroebze miTiTeba an am wyaroebis miwodeba maTTvis damajerebeli ar aris, magram STambeWdavi efeqti iqonia maTive soflebis mikrotoponimiis analizma /istoriuli wyaroebi yvela mxares Tavisi aqvso, meubnebian/. xevas soflebSi, sadac dedaena axsovT, msgavsi problema ar gvxvdeba, Tumca, eTnikur-kulturuli identobis mixedviT, aqaur qarTvelTa Soris ori ZiriTadi jgufi SeiZleba gamovyoT: 1. adamianebi, romlebic, ganaTlebisa da informaciis flobis miuxedavad, ueWvelad Tvlian, rom qarTuli eTnosis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgenen; mag., 2010 wels erTma iqaurma megobarma - rejeb iazijma miTxra: saqarTvelos, Tbilisis unaxavad rom movkvde, Tvalebi Ria damrCeba! samwuxarod, wels (2011 w.) rejebi gardacvlili damxvda... man Tbilisi ver naxa.
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rejeb iaziji (marjvniv):

2. taoel qarTvelTa meore nawili Tvlis, rom aWarel musulman qarTvelTa STamomavlebi arian da ar warmoadgenen imaT memkvidreebs, romlebmac aages iusufelSi arsebuli qarTuli eklesiebi; kerZod, maT hgoniT, rom isini aq Camosaxldnen aWaridan. rogorc wesi, am qarTvelebs Zalian mwiri informacia aqvT qarTveli eris istoriisa da kulturis Sesaxeb; maT iqaur skolebSi ar uswavliaT arc qarTveli eris istoria da arc istoriuli taos realuri istoria. isini daajeres, rom oSki, parxali, iSxani... im qarTvelebma aages, romlebic osmaloebis Semosvlisas gamoiqcnen imereTsa Tu qarTl-kaxeTSi. taoel qarTvelTa es nawili ase msjelobs: "Zveli gurjebi sadac iyvnen, iq eklesiebi aaSenes; osmaloebi rom movidnen, TavianTi miwebi datoves da wavidnen".

sakuTriv xevas xeobis soflebis mkvidrTa didi nawili ki ase ambobs: qarTvelebi sadac iyvnen, iq eklesiebi aaSenes; osmaloebi rom movidnen, TavianTi miwebi datoves da wavidnen. xevas xeobaSi eklesia ar aris; e.i. aq qristiani qarTvelebi saerTod ar iyvnen; aq miwebi dausaxlebeli iyo. aWara rusebma rom daikaves, Cven aWaridan wamovediT da aq movediT, davsaxldiT da am adgilebs saxelebic mas Semdeg davarqviT...
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citirebuli fraza ekuTvnis ismeT baTmazs /40 wlis, sofeli xeva; 2011 wlis 21 ivlisi/. taos am maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi (xeva, balxi, qoba) oSkis, xaxulis, banis, iSxnisa Tu parxlis donis qristianuli salocavebi marTlac ara gvaqvs, magram mikrotoponimia aqac myarad inaxavs qristianuli Zeglebis arsebobis kvals, mag., qalaZoris yvelaze lamaz, vake adgils hqvia "saydari".

amJamindel taoel qarTvelTa avtoqTonobasa da imasac, rom isini memkvidreni arian oSkis, xaxulis, parxlis, iSxnis... amgebi qarTvelebisa, cxadyofs xalxuri gadmocemebic; kerZod, xevegelTa gadmocemiT, aq ucxovria Tamar mefes, mas aqve Soridan mouyvania wyali da a. S. mosul sazogadoebas msgavsi infromacia ar eqneba. amgvari gadmocemebis garda, amJamindeli taoelebis (iusufelis qarTvelobis) avtoqTonobas cxadyofs isic, rom taouri da aWaruli kiloebi erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad gansxvavdeba; garda amisa, saarqivo monacemebis mixedviT, muhajirad wasuli yvela aWareli gadasaxlda Sua TurqeTSi, amasiasa Tu xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroebze. sakuTari warsulis Sesaxeb akademiuri informaciebis mosmenis Semdeg icvleba taoel qarTvelTa enobriv-eTnikuri TviTaRqma; isini iTxoven met informacias TavianTi istoriis Sesaxeb /da maT ufleba aqvT, hqondeT es informacia/. aqve aRvniSnav, rom taoel qarTvelTa axali Taoba adekvaturad reagirebs obieqtur informaciaze.

bolo dros, aqaur qarTvelebSi ufro meti interesi Cndeba TavianTi eTnikuri istoriisa da kulturis Sesaxeb. amave dros isini, garkveulwilad, distanciurad uyureben realur istorias, vinaidan, xvdebian, rom maTi winaprebis istoria gadajaWvulia qristianobasTan maTTvis ucxo religiasTan. axali informaciebis miRebis, Tanamedrove turistuli bumiT gamowveuli urTierTobebis, sainterneto aqtiuri kavSirebisa da sxva faqtorebis gamo, taoeli qarTvelebisTvis, zogadad, TurqeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisTvis, izrdeba eTnikuri meobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebis raodenoba; Sedegad, iusufelSi mcxovreb avtoqTon qarTvelTa mier sakuTari eTnikuri identobis gaazrebaSi axali etapi iwyeba, Tumca, jerjerobiT mainc didia im qarTvelTa procenti, romlebic ver axdenen identificirebas istoriul taoSi arsebul qarTuli kulturis ZeglebTan. amJamad, xevas xevSica da avtoqToni qarTvelebiT dasaxlebul TurqeTis respublikaSi Semaval sxva soflebSic SedarebiT mcirea im adamianTa - musulman qarTvelTa - raodenoba, romelsac sjeraT, rom im didi kulturis memkvidreebi arian, romlis nawilicaa: iSxani, oSki, xaxuli, bana, parxali, oTxTa...

aqve aRvniSnav, rom qarTuli kulturis am Zeglebis istoriis Sesaxeb aq misuli turisti bolo dromde ver iRebda akademiur informacias; wels pirvelad vnaxe me aq samenovani warwerebi, rac misasalmebelia, magram banerebis umravlesobaze naklebad Cans, rom es Zeglebi qarTuli kulturis nimuSebia; ix., mag., parxalis warwera:

vfiqrob, naTelia, rom istoriul qarTul kulturasTan - TavianTi winaprebis mier Seqmnil kulturasTan - taoel qarTvelTa gaucxoebas ori mizezi aqvs: - mwiri obieqturi informacia TavianTi warsulis Sesaxeb da - religiuri msoflaRqma. faqtia, aqauri musulmani qarTvelebisTvis ukve ucxoa regionSi arsebuli qristianuli Zeglebi; es arcaa gasakviri; Sdr., bolSevikebis
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batonobis mcire periodSi saqarTvelos centralur regionebSic ki: guriaSi, imereTSi, qarTlSi... xalxi gauucxovda qristianul eklesiebs. religiuri Tavisuflebis Tema faqizia, amitom ar vapireb am mimarTulebiT msjelobis gagrZelebas, aRvniSnavT mxolod imas, rom esa Tu is religia aris ara mxolod msoflxedvisa da cxovrebis wesis safuZveli, aramed, xalxis kulturisa da istoriis nawili, Sesabamisad, yovel religias am kuTxiTac unda SevxedoT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc TurqeTis, aseve, saqarTvelos sircxvilia, rom aseT mdgomareobaSia, mag., oTxTis didebuli taZari:

sxva konteqsti aqvs ganaTlebisa da informaciis miRebis Tavisuflebas: obieqturi istoriuli cnobebi yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi unda iyos; kerZod, yvela adamians aqvs ufleba, icodes sakuTari eTnikuri, enobrivi Tu erovnuli warsuli. metad dinamiur Tanamedrove samyaroSi dRes, rogorc arasdros, aucilebelia, rom Cven, gansakuTrebiT, mezobeli qveynebis enaTmecnierebma, istorikosebma, eTnologebma... SevZloT erToblivi arapolitizebuli kvlevebis ganxorcieleba. saerTaSoriso samecniero Tu sainformacio velSi Sejerebul obieqtur kvlevaTa Sedegebis xelmisawvdomoba yvela sazogadoebas Seuwyobs xels, isargeblos sakuTari enobriv-eTnikuri warsulis codnis uflebiT. amave dros, obieqturi kvlevebis Sedegebis misawvdomoba gazrdis xalxebs Soris urTierTpativiscemas da, rac, Cveni azriT, aranakleb arsebiTia, yoveli sazogadoebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki avtoqToni eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis, Seqmnis obieqturi TviTaRqmisa da enobriv-eTnikuri meobis gadarCenis myar safuZvels. aucilebelia, aseve, TurqeTis xelisuflebam izrunos TurqeTis teritoriaze darCenili im qarTuli eklesiebisa da cixeebis aRsadgenad, romlebic axla TurqeTis saxelmwifos simdidres warmoadgens da mZlavr
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turistul bazas qmnis; am mxriv, misasalmebelia tbeTis eklesiis aRdgenis Sesaxeb adgilobrivi muslimani mosaxleobis mier dawyebuli msjeloba, romelsac dadebiTad upasuxa adgilobrivma xelisuflebam:

vfiqrob, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis keTilmezobloba momavalSi ufro met Ria da demokratiul sivrces Seqmnis, raTa saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis moqalaqeebma isargeblon TavianTi uflebiT: saxelmwifoebriv istoriasTan erTad ukeT icodnen sakuTari enobrivi da eTnikur-kulturuli istoria (avtoqToni da migranti mosaxleobis enobriv-eTnikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb ix., t. futkaraZe, e. dadiani, r. Serozia, "evropuli qartia regionuli an umciresobis enis Sesaxeb" da saqarTvelo", quTaisi, 2010; " T.Putkaradze, E.Dadiani,
R.Sherozia, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" and Georgia",Kutaisi, 2010; http://www.scribd.com/doc/35702700/Tariel-Putkaradze-Eka-Dadiani-Revaz-Seroozia-2010).

bolos, kidev erTi arsebiTi sakiTxi: metnaklebad yvela adamians awuxebs kiTxva: vin var? saidan movdivar? normaluri ganaTlebis sistema sakuTar samSobloSi naTlad scems pasuxs am kiTxvas, amitom Tavs qarTvelad aRiqvams da gaorebuli ar iqneba saqarTveloSi aRzrdili da ganaTlebamiRebuli lazi, imereli, megreli, svani, aWareli Tu kaxeli. saqarTvelos amJamindel sazRvrebs miRma mcxovreb pirs ki didi Zalisxmeva dasWirdeba, rom SeZlos mocemul saxelmwifoSi integrirebac da SeinarCunos /aRidginos winaprebisgan naanderZevi erovnul-kulturuli memkvidreobac. eTnikuri umciresobisTvis sxvaTa mier Seqmnil saxelmwifoSi adaptacia SedarebiT iolia winaprebTan enobriv-erovnul kavSirze uaris Tqmis pirobebSi (maSin, roca pirovneba sazogadoebriv TviTidentifikacias axdens moqalaqeobis mixedviT); Tumca aseT SemTxvevaSi avtoqToni Tu migrirebuli qarTvelisTvis (Tu misi memkvidrisaTvis) garegnulad dafarul, magram mourCenel iarad darCeba kiTxva: "visi gorisa var?"

AM am suraTis wina planze Tqven xedavT or mSvenier arsebas; orives kargad vicnob, orive Cemi ojaxis wevriviTaa... samwuxarod, amaTgan mxolod erTisTvisaa misawvdomi obieqturi informacia sakuTari enobriv-eTnikuri istoriis Sesaxeb /bunebrivia, am konteqstSi me ar vgulisxmob erovnulsaxelmwifoebriv identobas/. amrigad, 1992-2011 wlebSi TurqeTis respublikis moqalaqe qarTvelebis enobriv-eTnikuri maxasiaTeblebis Seswavla da zemoT ganxiluli jgufebis miaxloebiTi procentuli maCveneblebis Sedareba saSualebas gvaZlevs, Semdegi ZiriTadi debulebebi CamovayaliboT:
SeniSvna: kvlevis am etapze SeuZlebelia zustad iTqvas, Tu ramdeni eTnikuri qarTvelia TurqeTSi. miT umetes, rTulia, davadginoT warmodgenil jgufTa zusti procentuli maCveneblebi. savaraudod, TurqeTSi 5 milionamde eTnikuri qarTveli (gurji, lazi) cxovrobs. amaTgan mesamedi Tu aRiqvams Tavs eTnikur qarTvelad; sakuTari Tavi eTnikur qarTvelad TurqeTis bevrma moqalaqem SeiZleba gaiazros akademiuri ganaTlebis pirobebSi.

1. TurqeTis respublikis moqalaqe qarTvelebi TurqeTis saxelmwifos patriotebi arian imitom, rom maT srulfasovnad miewodebaT informacia TavianTi saxelmwifoebrivi identobis Sesaxeb, magram maT sustad ician TavianTi enobriv-eTnikuri istoria. istoriuli dedaenisa da winaprebis mier Seqmnili kulturis codnis done gansazRvravs pirovnebis enobriveTnikur da erovnul-saxelmwifoebriv meobas. TurqeTis xelisuflebas Tu qarTuli kulturis mesveurT didi samuSao aqvT gasawevi, rom daculi iyos TurqeTis respublikis moqalaqe qarTvelebis enobriv-eTnikuri uflebebi. 2. rogorc wesi, pirs, romelsac daviwyebuli aqvs dedaena (qarTuli ena), dakarguli aqvs eTnikuri (qarTuli) TviTaRqmac; Tumca TurqeTSi arc Tu mcirericxovania SemTxvevebi, roca aseT pirebsac surT winaprebis enobrivkulturuli xazis gagrZeleba da qarTuli enobriv-eTnikuri identobis aRdgena; saamisod, pirvel rigSi, isini eswrafvian qarTuli enis Seswavlas;
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am bolo periodSi TurqeTis xelisufleba saSualebas aZlevs aseT pirT, iswavlon qarTuli saliteraturo ena, rac misasalmebelia. 3. TurqeTis amJamindeli saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi moqceuli qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi savalalo mdgomareobaSia ara mxolod imitom, rom qarTuli kulturis es Zeglebi bolo dromde prioritetuli ar iyo TurqeTis xelisuflebisaTvis, aramed imitomac, rom am ZeglebTan gaucxoebulni iyvnen adgilobrivi muslimani qarTvelebic... erTi mxriv, bolo periodSi TurqeTSi gaaqtiurebuli turistuli interesebi, meore mxriv ki TurqeTis moqalaqe qarTvelebisa da TurqeTis akademiuri wreebis daintereseba am ZeglebiT safuZvels qmnis, gadarCes msoflios kulturuli saganZuris is nimuSebi, romlebic tao-klarjeTSia emonaxuli. dasasrul, imedi maqvs, tao-klarjeTis qarTvelTaTvisac kulturulad axlobeli gaxdeba maTi uSualo winaprebis agebuli simaRleebi: xaxuli, bana, parxali, oSki, xaxuli, xanZTa, oTxTa, dolisyana, opiza, xanZTa (porta), nukisaydari, diobanis cixe, wefTis cixe, Satberdi, olTisi, TorTumi, artanuji...

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