NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,YELAHANKA,BANGALORE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT I REG NO 1NT 08EC001 TO 1NT O8EC021

1.Find the field strength at 30 km away from a transmitting station of 25 kW power. 5M 2.Find the velocity of the plane wave in a lossless medium having a relative permittivity of 5 & relative permeability of unity. 3M 3.If the effective height of an aerial is 1/100th of the length of the wave emitted, Determine its radiation resistance. 4.Calculate the effective length of a /2 of antenna's=73, (Ae) max=0.132 and Intrinsic impedence=120. 5.Calculate the maximum effective aperture of an antenna which is operating at a Wavelength of 2 meter and has a directivity of 100. 6. What is the band width of a resonant circuit whose Q=100 and resonant Frequency=5MHz. 3M 3M 5M 5M

ASSIGNMENT II
7.Calculate the length of the half wave dipole antenna meant to have correct half wave length at 60 MHz. 8. Find out the radiation resistance of a /16 wire dipole in free space. 3M 3M

9. The radiation resistance of antenna is 72 and loss resistance is 8.What is its directivity, if the gain is 16. 5M 10. A thin dipole antenna is /15 long.If its loss radiation resistance is 15, find radiation resitance and its efficiency. 5M

11. Find out the Q of an antenna if it has bandwidth of 600 Hz and it is cut to a frequency of 30 Mhz. 5M 12. An antenna has a radiation resistance of 72,a loss resistanse of 8 and a power gain of 12 db,determine the antenna efficiency and its directivity. 5M

REG NO:1NT 08EC022 TO 1NT 08EC043 ASSIGNMENT I

13. A 6ft.(1.83m) paraboloid reflector is to be used at 6Ghz.Calculate the beam width between the first nulls. Also calculate the gain of the antenna and express it in db. 5M 14. An antenna having a effective temperature of 15K is fed into a microwave amplifier that has an effective noise temperature of 20K.Calculate the available noise power per unit bandwidth, at the input for this particular antenna temperature. 5M 15. The noise figure of an amplifier at room temperature (T=290K) is 0.2db.Find the equivalent temperature. 3M 16. In a microwave communication link, 2 identical antenna is operating at 10GHz are used with power gain of 40db.If the transistor power is 1W, find the received power if the range of the link is 30km. 5M 17. A short dipole antenna has got a radiation resistance of 73ohm & effective aperture of 0.5sqm. Find the effective height of the antenna. 18. A radio link has a 15W transmitter connected to an antenna of 2.5sqm effective aperture at 5GHz. The receiving antenna has an effective aperture of 0.5sqm & is located at a 15Km line of sight distance from the transmitting antenna. Assuming lossless matched antennas find the power delivered to receiver. 8M 5M

ASSIGNMENT II
19.Calculate the maximum effective aperture of an antenna which is operating at a wavelength of 2 meter & has a directivity of 100. 3M 20. In a microwave communication link, two identical antennas are operating at 10GHz & are used with a power gain of 40dB. If the transmitter power is 1W. Find the received power if the range of link is 30km. 8M

21.An antenna has a radiation resistance of 72ohm & a loss resistance of 8ohm & a power gain of 12dB. Determine the antenna efficiency & directivity. 7M 22.Calculate the radiation resistance of a lamda/10 wire dipole in free space.7M 23.A hypothetical isotopic antenna is radiating in free space. At a distance of 100m from the antenna the total electric field E(theta) is measured to be 3.535V/m. Find the power density and power radiated. directivity if the power gain is 16. 5M 5M 24. The radiation resistance of an antenna is 72ohm & the loss resistance is 8ohm. Find the 25.For an X-band (8.2-12.4GHz) rectangular horn with aperture dimesions of 5.5cm & 7.4cm. Find the maximum effective aperture when its gain over isotropic source is a) 14.2dB at 8.2GHz b) 16.5dB at 10.3GHz c) 18.03dB at 12.4GHz d) Find the physical aperture also 2M 2M 2M 2M

REG NO :1NT 08EC044 TO 1NT 08EC070, 1NT 08EC123 ASSIGNMENT I

26. Find the beam area of an antenna system that has electric field intensity pattern given by the expression En=sin() 0<=<=. 5M

27. Discuss the following terms as applied to antennas I. Beam Area II. Beam efficiency III. Effective aperture IV. Directivity of gain

2*4= 8M

28. An antenna has a field pattern given by E()=cos2 for 0< <90. Find HPBW. 5M 29. What is an antenna aperture? Briefly explain the entire antenna aperture namely loss aperture, collecting aperture, scattering aperture & effective aperture with a neat figure & relevant equations. Explain effective height along with a neat figure and relevant equations. 31. Derive an expression for the relationship between effective aperture and directivity of a short dipole antenna. 5M 7M 30. What is the difference between effective height and physical height of antenna? 5M

ASSIGNMENT II
32.Derive an expression for the relationship between effective aperture & directivity of a linear lamda/2 dipole. 5M 33. Derive an expression for the power received over radio communication link. 7M 34. Derive an expression for the relationship between effective aperture and directivity along with a neat figure. the normalized field and power pattern. 5M 5M 35. With a neat diagram explain the radiation pattern of an antenna. Write an expression for

36. Explain the following terms, I. Antenna temperature II. Antenna field zones

2*2=4M

37. Compute the power received by receiving antenna kept at a distance of 100km by a transmitter radiating 3MHz. Assume Gt=40 & Gr=15 & Pt=1000kw. 5M 38.Define Radiation Intensity. A source has a radiation pattern given by U=UmCOS where 0<=<=/2 & 0<=<=2*.Find the total power radiated and the Directivity. 7M

REG NO:1NT08EC071 TO 1NT08EC090 ASSIGNMENT I

39.A source has a radiation pattern given by U=Umcos2 where 0<=<=2*.Find the total power radiated and the Directivity. pattern for n=2 and d=/4. 0<=<=/2 & 5M 3M

40.State the Hansen wood yard condition for increased Directivity. Plot the radiation 41.Derive an expression for the total field in case of 2 Isotropic point sources of equal amplitude and opposite phase. Also plot the resultant radiation pattern for the case of d=/2. 12M

42.Derive an expression for the total field for the case of 2 Isotropic point sources of equal amplitude and in phase Quadrature. Also plot the resultant radiation pattern for the case of d=/2. 12M 43.Derive an expression for the Array Factor for the case of n Isotropic point sources of equal amplitude and same phase. How do you obtain the conditions for broadside and end fire array. Also plot the resultant radiation pattern for the case of d=/2 and n=4 for both the cases. 07M 44.-Explain the principle of pattern multiplication along with a relevant example. 05M & Derive an expression for the Null Directions for an array of n Isotropic point sources considering a broadside array and end fire array & hence plot the resultant pattern for d=/2 and n=4 07M

ASSIGNMENT II
45.Derive an expression for the Directions of side lobe maxima for an array of n Isotropic point sources. 05M 46.Obtain the radiation pattern of a broadside array for n=8 and d=/2. 05M

47.Derive an expression for the total field for the case of non Isotropic and dissimilar point sources. 05M

48.Compare Broadside Array and End Fire Array.

05M

49.State power Theorem and explain as to how do you calculate the Directivity from the knowledge of power pattern along with an example. 05M 50.Explain the short Electric Dipole along with a neat Figure.Deive an expression for the far fields for starting from the Fundamentals. 20M 51.Derive an expression for the Radiation Resistance of a short Electric Dipole. 8M

ASSIGNMENT I 1NT08EC091 TO 1NT 08EC113

52.What is a thin Linear Antenna .Draw the natural current distribution for the case of thin linear Antennas of various lengths. 8M 53.Derive an expression for the far fields for the case of thin linear Antenna.15M 54.Derive an expression for the radiation Resitance of a /2 Antenna along with a neat figure. 8M 55.Explain the different types of Horn Antennaa along with a neat figure. 56.Derive an expression for Optimum horn dimensions in the case of a pyramidal Horn Antenna. 8M 7M

57.What is a Rectangular Horn Antenna? Plot the radiation pattern for different values of R and hence obtain an expression for Directivity. 7M

ASSIGNMENT II
58.Determine the length L, H- plane aperture & Flare angles E & H of a pyramidal Horn Antenna for which E plane aperture is aE=10.The Horn is fed by a Rectangular wave guide under TE10 mode. Let =0.2 in E plane and 0.375 in H plane .What are the beam widths and Directivity. 8M 59.Explain the construction and working of a Helical beam Antenna along with a neat figure. Write the expression for HPBW, BWFN and Directivity. 8M 60.Explain the construction & working principle of a Yagi Uda Antenna. What are the design constraints on the Dipoles? 7M 61.Draw the field patterns of mono filiar axial mode and normal mode Helical Antenna. 8M

62.Explain the construction and working of a Log periodic Antenna along with a neat figure. 8M 63.Explain the construction and working of corner Reflector Antenna along with a neat figure. 7M 64.Explain the construction and working of a slot Antenna. 5M

1NT 08EC114 TO 08EC423 ASSIGNMENT I

65.State Babinets principle and explain its application to slot Antennas. 66.Derive an expression for the impedance of slot Antennas. 67.Write short notes on 1. Embedded Antennas. 2. Folded Dipole Antennas. 3. Plasma Antennas. 68.Explain the construction & working of parabolic reflector Antenna. 69.Derive an expression for the field intensity ratio of a cylindrical paraboloid considering 1. A Line source at the Focus 2. A point source at the Focus 6M 2*3=6M 5M

8M

4M 4M

70.Design a Log periodic Dipole Array with 7 dBi gain and a 4:1 Bandwidth. Specify apex angle, scale constant k and the number of elements. 7M

ASSIGNMENT II
71.Explain the construction and working of a Turnstile Antenna and Omni directional Antenna 8M 72.Write short notes on I. LEO Satellite Antennas (II)Mobile Antennas (III) GPR Antennas 6M

73. Find out the value of the refractive index by substituting the constant in eqn. =sqrt [1-(Ne2/m2ko)]

8M

74.What is the critical frequency for reflection at vertical incidence if the maximum value of the electron density is 1.24 x 106 cm-3? 7M 75.Explain the Maximum Usable Frequency and give any method of calculating. A high frequency radio link has to be established between two point at a distance of 2500 km on

earth surface.considering the ionospheric height of 200 km and its critical frequency is 5MHz,calculate the MUF for given path. 8M 76.A high frequency radio link has to be established between 2 point on the earth 2000km away. If the reflection region of the ionosphere is at a height of 200km and has a critical frequency of 6MHz, calculate the MUF for given path. 7M 77.Communication is to be established between 2 stations 1500 km apart. Derive the necessary formula and calculate the maximum frequency you may choose for communication using the ionosphere as a reflector if the height and plasma frequency 0f the ionosphere at the point of reflection are respectively 250 km and 12 MHz. Assume the ionosphere to be thin and earth to be flat. 8M

1NT08EC414 TO 1NT08EC419,05EC113,06EC 007,014,086,1NT07EC079,407 ASSIGNMENT I

78. What do u meant by critical frequency? Calculate the critical frequency for the F1, F2 &E layers for which the maximum ionic densities are 2.3 x 106, 3.5 x 106 & 1.7 x 106 electron per cubic meters respectively. 7M 79.A VHF communication is to be established with 35 W transmitters at a 90 MHz. Find the distance upto which line of the sight communication may be possible if the height of transmitting and receiving antenna are 40m and 25m respectively. Also determine the field strength at the receiving end. 12M 80.Two points on earth are 1500 km apart and are communicated by means of HF.For a single hop transmission, the critical frequency at that time is 7 MHz and condition is idealized. Calculate the MUF for those 2 points if the height of the ionospheric layer is 300km. 7M 81.Define the radio horizon and calculate its value. What is the radio horizon of a television antenna placed at a height of 166 meter? If the signal is to be received at a distance of 66km what should be the height of the receiving antenna? 8M 82.Define a Radio Wave .Obtain the fundamental equation governing the free space propogation. 7M 83.Explain the Ground wave propogation and obtain the Somerfield equation for the Ground wave propagation. 5M

ASSIGNMENT II
84.Explain the sky wave or Ionosphere wave propagation along with a neat figure.8M 85.Explain the Basic structure of Ionosphere along with a neat figure. 7M

86.Explain the characteristics of different ionized regions present in the Ionosphere.5M 87.Derive an expression for the Refractive Index of the Ionosphere. 88.Explain the mechanism of Radio wave bending by the Ionosphere. 7M 7M

89.Define the following terms. Critical Frequency, Maximum Usable Frequency and Virtual Height.

2*3=6M

90.Derive an expression for the maximum usable Frequency considering a Flat Earth 8M