Babyhood

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Prepared by: Althea Gwen Lopez BSEDE-II
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, students will know the following:
1. 2. 3. 4.
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Definition Characteristics
WHAT IS BABYHOOD
Developmental Tasks
Patterns of Filipino Physical Development Motor Development Speech Development Emotional Development
? extends Babyhood
from the end of the second week of life to the end of the second year. It is often referred to as INFANCY.
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WHAT IS BABYHOOD
Developmental Tasks
Hurlock (1982) Infancy, compared to babyhood, is characterized by extreme helplessness. The term baby may likewise suggest a helpless individual; hence, the word toddler has been increasingly used to mean a baby that has achieved enough control of his body to permit relative independence, (such as moving, feeding himself, etc.).
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CHARACTERISTICS OF BABYHOOD
It is the true foundation age.
- Babyhood establishes many behavior patterns, attitudes, and emotional expressions. Thus, the established patterns in this time persist regardless whether good or bad, beneficial or harmful.
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Developmental Tasks
It is an age of rapid growth and change.
- Rapid growth in both physical and psychological aspects of a baby is observed especially during the first year. Accompanying changes in body proportions are growth in height and weight, which likewise are paralleled by intellectual growth and change.
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Developmental Tasks
It is an age of increasing independency.
- Babyhood enables the baby to sit, stand, and walk and to manipulate objects as the result of rapid development of body control due to increased independence. With this comes an attitude against being babied. This protest, which takes the form of angry outbursts and crying, developing into negativism.
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Developmental Tasks
It is an age of heightened individuality.
- Babies are afforded the chance to develop themselves along the lines of their interest and abilities through increased independence.
Developmental Tasks
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It is the foundation period of socialization.
- Young babies are very egocentric but later the attitude diminishes, they show a desire to belong to the group as evidenced by their not wanting to be left alone, by demonstrating attention-seeking behavior and they also manifest attachment behavior by developing a strong emotional ties with people they associate with.
Developmental Tasks
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Developmental Tasks
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It is the foundation period for sex-role typing.

- Babies are already subjected to sex-role typing right after their being brought into this world by being addressed in clothes with colors appropriate to their sex, or being given toys, and etc., not absolutely.
It is an appealing age.
- Babies bodies may be disproportionate but it is this characteristic that makes them appealing. Gradually, as babies become capable of doing things for themselves and their appearance becomes less appealing, they start giving adults a hard time since the former become less easy to manage and more resistant to help from the latter.
Developmental Tasks
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Developmental Tasks
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It is the foundation period for creativity.

- Babies nonetheless learn to develop interests and the attitudes that will lay the foundations for creative behavior and for community and for conformity as well as nonconformity to patterns set by others while they are incapable of doing anything and not able to exercise control over their environment.
Developmental Tasks
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It is a hazardous age.
- Illnesses and accidents which often lead to permanent disabilities or even death are the most common physical hazard. Meanwhile, when poor foundations of the various behavior patterns are established, results to serious psychological hazards.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF BABYHOOD

Learning to walk Learning to take solid foods Having organs of elimination under partial control Achieving reasonable physiological stability especially in hunger rhythm and sleep Relating emotionally to parents and siblings Learning the foundations of speech Learning sex differences Getting ready to read Learning to distinguish between right and wrong and developing a conscience
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Developmental Tasks
Patterns of Filipino Physical Development During Babyhood
Developmental Tasks
WEIGHT
At birth, male infants are heavier by 0.11 kgs. Than the females. The mean weight of males at birth is 3.05 kgs. While that of females is 2.94 kgs. From birth up to the end of the first year of life, the males are heavier than the females, gaining 6.07 kgs. And 5.33 kgs., respectively. The mean birth weight during the second year of life is much very less, 35% and 45% of the average weight gain for males and females, respectively. There is a trend of decelerating growth during the first year and this continues through the second year.
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Developmental Tasks
HEIGHT
The mean length for males and females at birth is 48.85 cms. And 48.14 cms., respectively. Generally, males are longer than females from birth to one year of age from 0.71 cms. at birth to 2.05 cms. at 11 months. The period of most rapid growth during the second year of life occurs during the first quarter (12-15 months) for both males and females and the slowest during the third quarter (18-21 months) for the males and the fourth quarter (21-24 months) for the females. The total growth for the second year of life for both sexes indicating further a decelerating growth rate in length.
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Developmental Tasks
TEETH
In general, the lower central incisors tend to precede the upper central incisors and the upper lateral incisors to precede the lower laterals. The first tooth to erupt is the lower central incisor followed by the upper central, upper lateral, and lower lateral incisors. The lower and upper molars generally erupt during the first half of the second year of life; the cuspids, in the second half.
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Motor Development in Babyhood
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Maturation and learning work in harmony in the development of muscle control. Babies are able to use their bodies in a coordinated manner due to the development and maturation of their muscles, bones, and nerve structures as well as the changes the changes in body proportions.
Development of control over the muscle undeniably follows a definite and predictable pattern which hold that development proceeds from head to foot and from trunk to extremities.
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1-2 Months The tonic-neck reflex predominates when the baby is on supine position.
Developmental Tasks
3 Months On the verge of turning to prone position. 4 Months Can turn to prone from supine position. On
supine position the arms are seen in symmetrical posture, although the turn position is still seen briefly.
6-7 Months Can roll stomach to stomach. 8 Months Can also alternate from prone to sitting
position and back to prone from sitting position; can cruise by crawling.
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9 Months Can pull himself to standing position by holding on to rail. 10-11 Months Has mastered seating position, i.e., can pivot around in a steady manner. While holding on to rail or chair he can cruise and lower himself from standing to sitting position; can creep with high speed; can walk when his two hands are held by an older person. 12 Months Can walk in a steady manner with one hand held. 15 Months Can push a chair around, climb it, and get down from it as well. Click to proceed
Developmental Tasks

18 Months Runs but falls now and then; can climb stairs by creeping. progresses in climbing the stairs by assuming the upright position and holding on to the banisters.
Developmental Tasks
21 Months Can squat while playing on the floor;
24 Months Can walk backward three or more steps; can walk on his toes and run without falling; can walk nimbly with arms swinging at his side; can climb stairs with both feet on the same tread before stepping.
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Fetal posture (newborn) Chin up (1 month) Chest up (2 months)
Developmental Tasks
Reach (3 months)
Sit with help (4 months)
Sit on lap, grasp object (5 months)
Sit in high chair, grasp dangling object (6 months)
Sit alone (7 months)
Stand with help (8 months)
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Stand holding furniture (9 months) Crawl (10 months) Walk with help (11 months)
Developmental Tasks
Pull up (12 months)
Climb (13 months)
Stand alone (14 months)
Walk alone (15 months)
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Sequence of Infant Growth

Physical growth during infancy is gradual series of maturational changes that allow better control of actions and perceptions. Although there are differences among babies from different ethnic origin in terms in temperament, reactions, and rate of development.
Developmental Tasks
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Babyhood Skills
Developmental Tasks
1. Hand Skills selffeeding, self-dressing, and play skills.
2.
Leg Skills jumping, climbing stairs, swimming by kicking legs, and splashing with arms.
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Babyhood Skills
Developmental Tasks
Pediatricians, and child psychologists suggest that babies simply need touch, faceto-face contact, and brightly colored toys they can manipulate for optimal physical and motor development.
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Speech Development in Babyhood

Babies, to be able to communicate with others, must be able to comprehend what the others are trying to communicate to them and to communicate to others in terms or ways they can comprehend. Spoken language is the most efficient since it is least likely to be misunderstood. The foundations of both aspects of communication comprehension and ability to communicate are laid during the babyhood years though ability in the former is generally greater than that in the latter. Click to proceed
Developmental Tasks

The Course of Language Development Age (in months)
4 6 to 9 12 to 18
Developmental Tasks
Vocalization and Language

Coos and chuckles Babbles; produces sounds such as ma or da; reduplication of sounds common. A small number of words; commands, and responds to no. follows simple
18 to 21
Form about 20 words at 18 months to about 200 words at 21; points to many objects; comprehends simple questions; forms two-word phrases. Vocabulary of 300 to 400 words; has two-to-threeword phrases; uses prepositions and pronouns. Click to proceed
24 to 27

The Course of Language Development Age (in months) 30 to 33 Vocalization and Language
Fastest increase in vocabulary; three-to-fourword sentences are common; word order, phrase structure, grammatical agreement approximate language of surroundings, but many utterances are unlike anything an adult would say. Vocabulary of 1,000 words or more; well-formed sentences using complex grammatical rules, although certain rules have not yet been fully mastered; grammatical mistakes are much less frequent; about 90% percent comprehensibility.
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Developmental Tasks
36 to 39
PRESPEECH FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Crying Hurlock (1982) considers it to be the very first piece of human behavior that has a social value.
Developmental Tasks
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2. Cooing and Babbling It begins during the second and third month of life, reaches its peak at around the eighth month, and completely disappears as babyhood draws to a close.
Developmental Tasks
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3. Gesturing This develops and is used by the baby not to supplement, but to substitute for his speech.
Developmental Tasks
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4. Emotional Expressions This is undeniably one of the most effective prespeech forms of communication.
Developmental Tasks
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The appearance of true language, i.e., the first word, normally takes place at the age of about 10-15 months. During the second year of life there is an accumulation of single-word and two-word utterances.
Developmental Tasks
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DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERSTANDING
Babies acquire through maturation and learning an understanding of what they observe and this depends largely on two factors: their level of intelligence and their previous experiences.
Developmental Tasks
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DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERSTANDING
Among the important concepts that develop in babyhood are those related to: 1. Space 2. Weight 3. Time 4. Self 5. Sex-role 6. Social 7. Beauty Click to proceed 8. The Comic
Developmental Tasks
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BABYHOOD

According to Dr. Fernando Hofilena (1983), in his article How Babies Learn to Love, it is at feeding time that the baby receives the earliest lesson in love, along with the earliest stimulation of his intellect.
Developmental Tasks
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When a relaxed and happy mother cradles the baby in her arms and feeds him, she does not only deliver calories into a growing organism but nourishes him with the milk of human kindness.
Developmental Tasks
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Separation for a significant period from the mother especially at six months of age, during which babies have already formed a strong bond with a mothering figure, may lead to the initial reaction of protest: crying, searching, almost panic behavior, and a great deal of motor activity involving both arms and legs.
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Developmental Tasks
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALIZATION
Roopnarine and Honig (1985) suggested ways by which parents and other adults can help kids who have trouble finding playmates and making friends: 1. Use positive disciplinary techniques. Give rewards, make rules and their reasons clear, and encourage cooperation in nonpunitive ways.
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Developmental Tasks
2. Be models of warm, nurturing, attentive behavior, and work to build kids self-esteem.
Developmental Tasks
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3. Show presocial behavior yourself, and praise signs of childrens budding empathy and responsiveness.
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4. Make a special effort to find a play group for kids if they do not often have an opportunity to be with other children. Social skills grow through experience.
Developmental Tasks
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5. Encourage loners to play with small groups of two or three kids at first, and give them ample time to get acquainted before getting involved.
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6. Teach friendship skills indirectly through puppetry, books about animals, etc. and children who have learned to make friends.
Developmental Tasks
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PLAY INTERESTS
Toddlers show a presumably definite social interest in one another; they communicate somewhat effectively, and attempt cooperative play.
Developmental Tasks
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PLAY INTERESTS
Babies generally begin to play around each other at 1 or 2 years of age and are likely to grab things from each other without much fanfare.
Developmental Tasks
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PLAY INTERESTS
When a child reaches the stage when he begins to enjoy playing with others, at around age three, you can help to make a game of sharing.
Developmental Tasks
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FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

Frank and Theresa Caplan (1995) in their book Power of Play consider it abnormal for a child not to play, since playing is a valuable way for a child to absorb information, learn skills, and aid his personal development.
Developmental Tasks
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The following are considered to be the merits of play: 1. It aids growth. 2. It is a voluntary activity. 3. It gives freedom of action to a child. 4. It provides an imaginary world that a child can master. 5. It has elements of adventure of it.
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Developmental Tasks

The following are considered to be the merits of play: 6. Through it, language can be built up. 7. It has a unique power of building interpersonal relations. 8. It offers opportunities for mastery of the physical self. 9. It furthers interest and concentration. 10. It allows the child to investigate the Click to proceed material world.
Developmental Tasks

The following are considered to be the merits of play: 11. It is a way of learning adult roles, 12. It refines a childs judgment. 13. It is a dynamic way of learning. 14. Academics can be structured into it. 15. It is vitalizing, in that through it the child gets a relief from the sense of powerlessness.
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Developmental Tasks

The following are considered to be the merits of play: 11. It is a way of learning adult roles, 12. It refines a childs judgment. 13. It is a dynamic way of learning. 14. Academics can be structured into it. 15. It is vitalizing, in that through it the child gets a relief from the sense of powerlessness.
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Developmental Tasks

Meanwhile Gracianus R. Reyes (1995), in his article entitled Childs Play A Potent Tool for Education, gave out tips on choosing toys for tots: 1. Look for toys made on non-toxic materials. 2. Buy toys that are affordable and durable.
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Developmental Tasks

3. Select toys that are safe, those that toddlers will not choke on or get cut or scratched from handling. 4. Choose toys that whet the imagination and creativity of toddlers. 5. Give the toddler construction toys which will develop his desire to construct rather than the urge to destroy.
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Developmental Tasks

6. Never force a toy on a toddler just because the instructions in the accompanying brochure say that the toy is fit for his particular age. He may need to play with a toy of a higher intelligence level or of a lower one.
Developmental Tasks
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PLAY PATTERNS OF BABYHOOD

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sensorimotor Play Exploratory Play Imitative play Make-Believe/Fantasy Play Games Amusements
Developmental Tasks
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN BABYHOOD

Babies are neither moral nor immoral but nonmoral since they have not yet formed a scale of values and a conscience.
Developmental Tasks
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN BABYHOOD

Learning to behave in a manner considered morally appropriate is a long and slow process for babies. However, they do manifest what Jean Piaget calls morality by constraint automatic disobedience to rules without reasoning or judgment. This lasts until the age of seven or eight.
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Developmental Tasks
Patterns of Filipino Physical Development Motor Development Speech Development Moral Development
INTEREST IN SEXUALITY
According to Barbara Rutter (1996), sensitivity to sexual stimulation is present at birth, and that erections are often noted in newborn males when excited, even while struggling for their first breath. Fondling of ones genitals may appear at age 2-4.
Developmental Tasks
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INTEREST IN SEXUALITY
Rutter adds that sexual pleasure is quite secondary to the pleasure they derive from the satisfaction of their needs for food, sleep, and tactile comfort.
Developmental Tasks
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Prepared by: Althea Gwen Lopez BSEDE-II

Babyhood

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Babyhood

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loading presentation

Prepared by: Althea Gwen Lopez BSEDE-II

It is the foundation period for sex-role typing.

It is the foundation period for creativity.

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF BABYHOOD

Patterns of Filipino Physical Development During Babyhood

Patterns of Filipino Physical Development During Babyhood

Patterns of Filipino Physical Development During Babyhood

Motor Development in Babyhood

Motor Development in Babyhood

Motor Development in Babyhood

Motor Development in Babyhood

21 Months Can squat while playing on the floor;

Motor Development in Babyhood

Sit with help (4 months)

Sit on lap, grasp object (5 months)

Sit in high chair, grasp dangling object (6 months)

Sit alone (7 months)

Stand with help (8 months)

Motor Development in Babyhood

Pull up (12 months)

Climb (13 months)

Stand alone (14 months)

Walk alone (15 months)

Sequence of Infant Growth

1. Hand Skills selffeeding, self-dressing, and play skills.

Speech Development in Babyhood

Speech Development in Babyhood

Vocalization and Language

Speech Development in Babyhood

PRESPEECH FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

PRESPEECH FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

PRESPEECH FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

PRESPEECH FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

PRESPEECH FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BABYHOOD

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BABYHOOD

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BABYHOOD

FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

FUNCTIONS AND VIRTUES OF PLAY

PLAY PATTERNS OF BABYHOOD

MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN BABYHOOD

MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN BABYHOOD

Prepared by: Althea Gwen Lopez BSEDE-II

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