7/23/2012 8:41:00 PM

JOYCE TRAVELBEE (19261973) Human-toHuman Relationship Model

A nurse does not only seek to alleviate physical pain or render physical care she ministers to the whole person. The existence of the suffering whether physical, mental or spiritual is the proper concern of the nurse.

Life Story
A psychiatric nurse, educator and writer born in 1926. 1956, she completed her BSN degree at Louisiana State University 1959, she completed her Master of Science Degree in Nursing at Yale University

Working Experiences:
1952, Psychiatric Nursing Instructor at DePaul Hospital Affiliate School, New Orleans. She also taught at Charity Hospital School of Nursing in Louisiana State University, New York University and University of Mississippi. 1970, the Project Director of Graduate Education at Louisiana State University School of Nursing until her death.

Publications:
1963, started to publish articles and journals in nursing. 1966 and 1971, publication of her first book entitled Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing. 1969, when she published her second book Intervention in Psychiatric Nursing: Process in the One-to-One Relationship.

Nursing Meta-paradigm

Person o Defined as a human being. o Both the nurse and the patient are human beings. o A human being is a unique, irreplaceable individual who is in continuous process of becoming, evolving and changing. Health o Health is subjective and objective. Subjective healthis an individually defined state of well being in accord with self-appraisal of physical-emotional-spiritual status. Objective healthis an absence of discernible disease, disability of defect as measured by physical examination, laboratory tests and assessment by spiritual director or psychological counselor.

Environment o Is not clearly defined. o She defined human conditions and life experiences encountered by all men as sufferings, hope, pain and illness. Illness being unhealthy, but rather explored the human experience of illness Suffering is a feeling of displeasure which ranges from simple transitory mental, physical or spiritual discomfort to extreme anguish and to those phases beyond anguishthe malignant phase of disdainful not caring and apathetic indifference Pain is not observable. A unique experience. Pain is a lonely experience that is difficult to communicate fully to another individual. Hope the desire to gain an end or accomplish a goal combined with some degree of expectation that what is desired or sought is attainable Hopelessness being devoid of hope

Nursing o Is an interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists an individual, family or community to prevent or cope with experience or illness and suffering, and if necessary to find meaning in these experiences.

Human-to-Human Relationship Model

(humanistic revolution) Interactional Phases of Human-to-Human Relationship Model: Original Encounter o First impression by the nurse of the sick person and vice-versa. o Stereotyped or traditional roles Emerging Identities o The time when relationship begins o The nurse and patient perceives each others uniqueness Empathy o The ability to share in the persons experience Sympathy o When the nurse wants to lessen the cause of patients suffering. o It goes beyond empathyWhen one sympathizes, one is involved but not incapacitated by the involvement. o Therapeutic use of self Rapport o Described as nursing interventions that lessens the patients suffering. o Relation as human being to human being o A nurse is able to establish rapport because she possesses the necessary knowledge and skills required to assist ill persons and because she is able to perceive, respond to and appreciate the uniqueness of the ill human being.