BIOS AND DOS INTERRUPTS OF INTEL 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

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B Y Suhas K R II Sem M.Sc Electronics Science Bangalore University
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Functional layers of a General Computers Computers can be broadly

divided into four layers
Application Program layer, is

Application Programs

a top layer of general computer, which provide us Application programs like Text Editors, Games ,GUI etc. Which is framed generally using High level languages.
DOS BIOS Hardware

DOS Functions

BIOS Services

is core layer of computer ,it consist of

Hardware
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Basic Input/output System (BIOS)

InIBM

PC compatiblecomputers, thebasic input/output system also known as theSystem BIOSorROMBIOS. hardware , load and start an operating system. devices such as card,keyboardandmouse,hard otherhardware. up.

The primary function of the BIOS is to set up the The BIOS is to initialize and identify system

thedisplay disk,

This process is known asbooting, or booting BIOS

software

is

stored

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on

anon-

BIOS Interrupts
While using computer, we frequently need input

and output functions for reading, Displaying, accessing data in disk etc.
All these functions are predefined by computer

manufacturer and made available in the system ROM with other BIOS functions. FE000H to FFFFFH.

They are stored in system ROM in locations The programmer can make use of all this

already existing large number of BIOS services for accessing I/O devices rather than writing procedures again in his programs 7/29/12

The BIOS services can be broadly classified into

the following categories

Video I/O Services,

This category are used to control text and graphics on the PCs display screen.(INT 10h)
System Services,

This category are used to obtain the encoded list of the standard hardware equipments connected to computer. (INT 11h)
Disk I/O Services,

This are used to perform I/O operations on disk drives. (INT 13h)
RS 232 Serial I/O services,

This are used to control the actions of the serial

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Keyboard I/O services,

Invokes services to receive characters and status of keyboard. (INT 15h)

Printer services,

Initialize the parallel printer port, control output to a printer and read the printers status. (INT 17h)
Date/Time services,

These functions are used to read or set the time maintained by BIOS. (INT 1Ah)
Miscellaneous services,

Used for some special purposes

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MS-DOS was the most commonly used member

MS Disk Operating System (DOS)

of theDOS family of operating systems, and was the main operating system forIBM PC x86-basedpersonal computers.

Originally MS-DOS was designed to be an

operating system that could run on any 8086family computer. Each computer would have its own distinct hardware and its own version of MSDOS.
Today, MS-DOS is rarely used for desktop

computing. Since the release ofWindows 95, it was integrated as a full product used forbootstrappingand troubleshooting, and no 7/29/12 longer released as a standalone product.

DOS Interrupts
Like wise BIOS, DOS as number of routines which a

programmer can use in his programs.

It as collection of procedures to perform services such as

formatting disk, creating disk files, reading or writing files, reading from key board and writing on to display etc. BIOS .But DOS intern use large number of BIOS to provide these desired services. program using INT 21H instruction.

Working with DOS is more user friendly than working with

DOS allows the programmer to use these services in his Programs written in DOS is generally portable. But computer

system should have DOS operating system for the program Portable. Thorough knowledge of the I/O devices is not necessary while writing programs.

Execution speed is little slow compared to that of direct 7/29/12

access of hardware, or BIOS services, because DOS services

Examples of BIOS Services

SET VIDEO MODE , INT 10H

00H

FUNCTION

Sets the video display mode Invoked with : register AH=00h register AL=mode number CODE SEGMENT START: MOV AH,00H MOV AL,00H ;00H(TEXT, 16 GRAY COLOURS,40X25)
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WRITE CHARACTER AND ITS ATTIBUTES

Obtains the ASCII code for the character at the current cursor position. Invoked with : Register AH=09H number(optional) : Register BH=Video page : Register BL=Attribute byte characters CODE SEGMENT
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: Register CX=Number of

Some examples of DOS services

DISPLAY CHARACTER

Display character at the standard output device Invoked with : Register Ah=02H Register DL=ASCII Code Returns : Nothing

CODE SEGMENT START: MOV AH,02H ;DISPLAYS CHARACTER

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CHARACTER INPUT WITHOUT ECHO

Reads character without echoing it on the standard output of device Invoked with : Register Ah=07H Returns Code : Register AL=Character ASCII

CODE SEGMENT START: MOV AH,07H ;READS CHARACTER WITH OUT 7/29/12

GET

DATE

Obtains the month ,year ,day and day of the week as maintained by DOS Invoked with : Register Ah=2AH Returns : Register AL=day of the week (0 Sunday) : Register CX=year : Register DH=month : Register DL=day

CODE SEGMENT

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GET

TIME

Obtains the time(hh,mm,ss,ss/100) Invoked with : Register Ah=2cH Returns : Register CH=HH (0 through 23) : Register CL=MM(0 through 59) : Register DH=SS(0 through 59) : Register DL=SS/100

CODE SEGMENT TIME MOV AH,2CH ;PICKS CURRENT

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