-------------College of -------------------------------------------------------------

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of ----- in ------

Ferdinand E. Marcos: A Man of Ambition and Wisdom

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II. Abstract This paper attempts to know the peoples views and opinions towards Marcos and looks closer upon the facts and reasons why people feel the way they do regarding Marcoss regime. Marcos is undeniably one of the most controversial presidents of all time. Definitely, he is a man worth knowing about and this is the reason why this topic was chosen. By reading this, it will benefit ones idea about a brief discussion of history. Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. Introduction..3 Literature Review4 Methodology6 Results and Findings..7 1. Life and Education....7 2. Political Career..7 3. Achievements8 4. Problems..10 5. Martial Law..11 6. End of Power...13 7. Feedback about Marcos Administration.14 V. VI. VII. VIII. Conclusion.17 Appendices17 References20 Bibliography.......................................20

Introduction Poor political or management skills are some of the reasons why the Philippines economic and financial stability are at stake. We have had outstanding ups and depressing downs but we have never been able to lift ourselves to a spectacular progress. We have also been managed by several presidents, some strived hard to uplift the country, some did everything to improve anything about our country while some organized plans to bring this nation to a higher level. But all of the presidents are different from each other. Some were like martyrs, heroes and peacemakers while others were corrupt, unjust and abusive of their power. Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, the 10th President of the Republic of the Philippines, is one of the most controversial presidents of all time. His achievements regarding our country has been marked as the most progressive accomplishment a man has done for his country for twenty-one years. His ideas about innovation, risk-taking and economic growth and development made him a great and amazing ruler. But after stealing billions of money from our country and his wife having enormous number of shoes, he is indeed someone to talk about. This is what makes him so different from the eyes of the people. His secrets have been kept hidden but over the years, most of it are being exposed. The laws that he had imposed made an unforgettable experience in every Filipino citizen. His organization and implementation of rules and plans disagree with what the people believed in during his administration. Despite his accomplishments and projects for our country, many people hate him because of the cruelty he had done to the treasury of our country. He is definitely a president worth knowing about.

Marcoss life has always been controversial. Knowing what truly happened during his reign would be an outstanding topic to explore. In this research paper, Marcoss life, presidency, and Martial Law and its effects to our country will be tackled. Reasons why many people have different opinions about him will also be discussed. His achievements, problems and downfall as the tenth president are about to be exposed. At the end of your reading, you will be able to understand the things that are unclear and very unusual to bring out up to this day. Why he is different, we will find out. IV. Literature Review One of the things most talked about when politics comes to mind is power. Ferdinand E. Marcos was the tenth president of the Philippines and therefore, he had the power to rule. But during his administration, his power was inviolable. Everything that comes to his way, he has a solution for it and everyone who engages upon him, he deals with. Power can be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as endemic to humans as social beings. In the corporate environment, power is often expressed as upward or downward. With downward power, a company's superior influences subordinate. When a company exerts upward power, it is the subordinates who influence the decisions of the leader. When a politician is in his place, there is a considerable amount of time he serves in his office. This is called a term. In Marcos situation, he served our country for three consecutive terms making him the first one to win thrice on Philippine Elections. His twenty-one years of service is undeniably a long amount of time to gain fame, riches, and controversies. For three long terms, he was able to establish achievements

and improvements but he had also planted problems and difficulties that until now are being discussed and known about by our citizens. Almost all of the presidents would dream of having lots of achievements in order to be known. According to the Websters Dictionary, an achievement is something that has been accomplished by hard work, ability, or heroism. Marcoss accomplishments are very helpful up to this day. His agricultural and economic growth and developments made an outstanding remark during his time. His goals for our country were accomplished and his achievements make a helpful and useful tool up to this day. An unforgettable law during Marcoss administration is the Martial Law. The Martial law was declared to suppress increasing civil strife and the threat of communist takeover following a series of bombings and a government-staged assassination attempt on the Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile in Manila. The declaration of martial law was initially well-received by some sectors, but it eventually proved unpopular as excesses and human rights abuses by the military emerged, such as the use of torture as a method of extracting information. Another unforgettable concept during his administration is strikes. Strikes are defined as an unlawful act, especially one that results in a conviction. Many people were outraged by Marcoss government and therefore bringing strikes everywhere. Rallies and other forms of resistance sprang up in cities and towns all over the Philippines. During the next two and a half years, all segments of the population, including the upper and middle classes joined the struggle to get rid of Marcos.

A dictatorship is

defined

as

an autocratic form

of

government in

which

the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator. For some scholars, a dictatorship is a form of government that has the power to govern without the consent of those being governed. Marcos was known as a dictator during his administration because he took extraordinary powers to himself. He consolidated power by manipulating public opinion, stealing elections, perfecting the arts of political patronage and bribery. Arrests and assassinations kept the public living in fear. A sudden loss of wealth, rank, reputation, happiness or ruin is considered a downfall (The American Heritage Dictionary, 2000). Ferdinand E. Marcos end of administration occurred after the election between Corazon Aquino. After the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Corazon Aquino ran as a president through a snap election. Marcos was declared as the official winner but strong public outcry over the election results made Corazon Aquino the president. Huge accusations were made against Marcos and most of the people hated him for his wrongdoings. V. Methodology In accordance with our chosen topic, Marcos Administration: His Achievements, Problems and Downfall, we have made and conducted surveys in order to know what the peoples opinions and views are regarding Marcos reign. The surveys were conducted on the twentieth of February 2012 involving students taking up Bachelor of Science in Legal Management at De La Salle Lipa. Interviews about the topic were also held at the schools premises. Some were students while others were professors. They were given letters of invitations and we gave them enough time to comply with the

event. The interviews lasted for almost thirty minutes and the interviewees were given letters of appreciation. VI. Results and Findings 1. Life and Education On September 11, 1917, JosefaEdralin gave birth to a son in the village of Sarrat, on the island of Luzon, the Philippines. The boy was named Ferdinand Edralin Marcos. Persistent rumors say that Ferdinand's biological father was a man named Ferdinand Chua, who served as his godfather. However, Josefa's husband, Mariano Marcos, was the child's father. Young Ferdinand Marcos grew up in a privileged milieu. He excelled at school, and took an eager interest in martial skills such as boxing and shooting.

Marcos attended school at Manila. His godfather, Ferdinand Chua, may have helped to pay for his educational expenses. During the 1930s, the young man studied law at the University of the Philippines. This legal training would come in handy when Marcos was arrested and tried for a 1935 political murder. In fact, he continued his studies while in prison, and even passed the bar exam with flying colors from his cell. Meanwhile, Mariano Marcos ran for a seat on the National Assembly in 1935, but was defeated for a second time by Julio Nalundasan.

2. Political Career

In 1965, Marcos hoped to secure the Liberal Party nomination for the presidency. The sitting president, DiosdadoMacapagal, had promised to step aside, but reneged
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and ran again. Marcos resigned from the Liberal Party and joined the Nationalists. He won the election, and was sworn in on December 30, 1965.President Marcos promised to develop the economy, improve infrastructure, and create good government to the people of the Philippines. He also pledged help to South Vietnam and the US in the Vietnam War, sending more than 10,000 Filipino soldiers to fight.

Ferdinand Marcos was the first president to be reelected to a second term in the Philippines. Whether his reelection was rigged is a subject of debate. In any case, he consolidated his hold on power by developing a cult of personality, like those of Stalin, Mao, or Niyazov of Turkmenistan. Marcos required every business and classroom in the country to display his official presidential portrait. He also posted giant billboards bearing propagandistic messages across the country. A handsome man, Marcos had married the former beauty queen Imelda Romualdez in 1954. Her glamour added to his popularity.

3. Achievements Looking back at history, during the Marcos administration, social justice finds concrete translation in development of plans and programs. These interventions were focused on eliminating illiteracy, expanding employment opportunities, sharing the fruits of development equitably and introducing requisite of institutional change. The measures of developmentthe Gross National Product (GNP), literacy rate, and life expectancy had been secured during his lead.

Food Sufficiencywas conducted and improved. The Green Revolution and the Blue Revolution are just some of the methods used for this sufficiency of food. Other
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accomplishment like Education Reform was also accomplished in which access to free education widened during the Marcos Administration. The Agrarian Reform was also formulated. Tenants Emancipation Act of 1972 or PD 27 was done without bloodshed. This was the first Land Reform Code of our country. Since it was implemented until December 1985, 1.2 million farmers benefited, either they had become the owner or leaseholder in more than 1.3 million hectares of rice and corn lands. Primary Health Care made medical care accessible to millions of Filipinos in the remotest barrios of the country. This program was even awarded by United Nations as the most effective and most responsive health program among the third world countries. Housing for Masseslike the BagongLipunan Improvement of Sites and Services (BLISS) had expanded the governments housing program for the low-income group. Energy Self Reliance was practiced. Indigenous energy sources were developed like hydro, geothermal, dendrothermal, coal, biogas and biomass. Export Development was achieved as well. During 1985, textile products like garments and embroideries, furniture and rattan items, marine products like prawns and milkfish, raw silk, shoes, dehydrated and fresh fruits were exported aside from the traditional export products like coconut, sugar, logs, lumber and veneer. The maritime industry was also dominated by Filipinos wherein 50,000 seamen were employed by various world shipping companies.The Labor code that was promulgated expanded the concerns of the Magna Carta of Labor to extend greater protection to labor, promote employment, and human resource development. Unprecedented Infrastructure Growth was observed as well.The countrys road network had improved from 55,778 kilometers in 1965 to 77,950 in five years (1970), and eventually reached 161,000 kilometers in 1985. Construction of

irrigation facilities was also done that made 1.5 million hectares of land irrigated and increased the farmers harvest and income. In addition, nationwide telecommunication systems and interprovincial toll stations were also built. Political Reform is also one of the achievements of Marcos Administration. The structure of government established by President Marcos remains substantially the same except the change of name, inclusive of superficial features in laws, to give a semblance of change from that of President Marcos regime. Fiscal Reform took place wherein government finances were stabilized by higher revenue collections and loans from treasury bonds, foreign lending institutions and foreign governments. Last but not the least, the Peace and Order occurred.In 1966, more than 100 important smugglers were arrested; in three years,from 1966 to 1968, they arrested a total of 5,000. Military men involved in smuggling were forced to retire. Peace and order significantly improved in most provinces however situations in Manila and some provinces continued to deteriorate until the imposition of Martial Law in 1972.

4. Problems Although there were many achievements made during Marcos administration, still, he also had many difficulties and problems while running the country. Not everybody was in favor of the accomplishments he had made. Peace and order got worse during Marcos reign. Prices of commodities increased and many people became unemployed. Due to these problems, the number of squatters widened and housing problems took over. The perennial school crisis also occurred during Marcos administration. Chinese population in the Philippines increased because of their overstaying. Cultural minorities integrated as well. In 1970, students in Manila mobilized
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enormous numbers of people to attend protests against U.S. imperialism and the rise of fascism under Marcos. The protests later became known as the First Quarter Storm. Obviously, he had done many great things for the country but amidst those achievements, problems cannot be avoided. All these problems taken together and the danger of an outbreak of rebellion, prompted President Marcos to declare martial law in the Philippines. 5. Martial Law On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law. The declaration issued under Proclamation 1081 suspended the civil rights and imposed military authority in the country. Marcos defended the declaration stressing the need for extra powers to quell the rising wave of violence allegedly caused by communists. The emergency rule was also intended to eradicate the roots of rebellion and promote a rapid trend for national development. The autocrat assured the country of the legality of Martial Law emphasizing the need for control over civil disobedience that displays lawlessness. Marcos explained citing the provisions from the Philippine Constitution that Martial Law is a strategic approach to legally defend the Constitution and protect the welfare of the Filipino people from the dangerous threats posed by Muslim rebel groups and Christian vigilantes that places national security at risk during the time. Marcos explained that martial law was not a military takeover but was then the only option to resolve the countrys dilemma on rebellion that stages national chaos threatening the peace and order of the country. The emergency rule, according to Marcoss plan, was lead to the country into what he calls as the New Society.Marcos used several events to justify martial law. Threat to the countrys
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security was intensifying following the re-establishment of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in 1968. Supporters of CPPs military arm, the New Peoples Army, also grew in numbers in Tarlac and other parts of the country. The alleged attempt to the life of then Minister of Defense Juan Ponce Enrile gave Marcos a window to declare Martial Law. Marcos announced the emergency rule the day after the shooting incident. Marcos also declared insurgency in the south caused by the clash between Muslims and Christians, which Marcos considered as a threat to national security. The Muslims were defending their ancestral land against the control of Christians who migrated in the area. The minority group organized the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in Malaysia and pushed for the autonomy of Mindanao from the national government.The move was initially supported by most Filipinos and was viewed by some critics as a change that solved the massive corruption in the country. Martial law ceased the clash between the executive and legislative branches of the government and a bureaucracy characterized by special interest. Marcos started to implement reforms on social and political values that hindered effective modernization. To match the accomplishments of its Asian neighbors, Marcos imposed the need for self-sacrifice for the attainment of national welfare. His reforms targeted his rivals within the elite depriving them of their power and patronage but did not affect their supporters.Thirty-thousand opposition figures including Senator Benigno Aquino, journalists, students and labor activists were detained at military compounds under the Presidents command (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). The army and the Philippine Constabulary seized weapons and disbanded private armies controlled by prominent politicians and other influential figures (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Marcos took control of the legislature and closed

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the Philippine Congress (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Numerous media outfits were either closed down or operated under tight control (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Marcos also allegedly funnelled millions of the countrys money by placing some of his trusted supporters in strategic economic positions to channel resources to him. Experts call this the crony capitalism.The deterioration of the political and economic condition in the Philippines triggered the decline of support on Marcos plans. More and more Filipinos took arms to dislodge the regime. Urban poor communities in the countrys capital were organized by the Philippine Ecumenical Council for Community and were soon conducting protest masses and prayer rallies. These efforts including the exposure of numerous human rights violations pushed Marcos to hold an election in 1978 and 1981 in an aim to stabilize the countrys chaotic condition. Marcos, in both events, won the election; however, his extended term as President of the Republic of the Philippines elicited an extensive opposition against his regime. Social unrest reached its height after former Senator Benigno Aquino was murdered. The incident sent thousands of Filipinos to the streets calling for Marcos removal from post. Turning again to his electoral strategy, Marcos held a snap election in 1986 but what he hoped will satisfy the masses only increased their determination to end his rule that seated Corazon Aquino, widow of Benigno Aquino, as President of the Philippines ousting Marcos from Malacaang Palace and ending the twenty-one years of tyrant rule. 6. End of Power During those years, Marcos's regime was marred by rampant corruption and political mismanagement by his relatives and cronies, which culminated with the assassination of Benigno Aquino. Critics considered Marcos the
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quintessential kleptocrat, having looted billions of dollars from the Filipino treasury. The large personality cult in the Philippines surrounding Marcos also led to disdain.During his third term, Marcos's health deteriorated rapidly due to kidney ailments. He was absent for weeks at a time for treatment, with no one to assume command. The assassination of Benigno Aquino as he returned to Manila in August 1983 was generally thought to have been the work of the military. It became the focal point of a renewed and more heavily supported opposition to Marcos' rule. By late 1985 Marcos, under mounting pressure both inside and outside the Philippines, called a snap presidential election for February 1986. Corazon C. Aquino, Benigno's widow, became the candidate of a coalition of opposition parties. Marcos was declared the official winner, but strong public outcry over the election results precipitated a revolt that by the end of the month had driven Marcos from power. Aquino then assumed the presidency. The People Power movement drove Marcos into exile and installed Corazon Aquino as the new president. The Philippine government today is still paying interest in public debts incurred during Marcos' administration. It was reported that, when Marcos fled, U.S. Customs agents discovered 24 suitcases of gold bricks and diamond jewelry hidden in diaper bags and in addition, certificates for gold bullion valued in the billions of dollars were allegedly among the personal properties he, his family, his cronies and business partners surreptitiously took with them when the Reagan administration provided them safe passage to Hawaii. When the presidential mansion was seized, it was discovered that Imelda Marcos had over 2700 pairs of shoes in her closet. 7. Feedback about Marcos Administration
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Figure 1. Comparison of Pros and Antis of Marcos Administration.

Pro's and Anti's of Marcos Administration

Anti's 50%

Pro's 50%

Figure 2. Chart illustrating the number of Marcos achievements and problems .

Achievements and Problems of Marcos Administration

20 10 0 Achievements Problems

Figure 3.Pie graph result of the respondents answer towards Aquinos assassination.

Do you think that Marcos was the one behind Aquino's assassination?

Yes No

The results of the survey that was conducted to Lasallian students resulted to a success. Almost everyone knows that Marcos is the tenth president of the Philippines. Some are aware about the happenings during his presidency. Some could recall

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Marcos achievements, however, there were also students that couldnt. Not everybody is aware that Marcos ruled for three consecutive terms. When talking about the Martial Law, some believed that Marcos wasnt the only one who imposed it which is true. But most of the students believed the opposite. As the results of the survey states, many students have the knowledge of what the effects of Martial Law are. They have also known that peace and order collapsed after Marcos imposed the said law. However, almost everyone knows the developments made during Marcos administration. In the last question, Do you think that Marcos was the one behind Aquinos assassination? thenumber of votes is equal. This result is really surprising because all along we thought that the Antis would remain dominant over the Pros but as it shows, we have had the wrong vision. The survey and interview represent a big role in this research paper. Our views about Marcos administration are very different from what we think of now. Some of the respondents stated that many developments happened and a very progressive country was established. His achievements had really helped our country and economically speaking, Philippines golden age of prosperity occurred during his rule. However, many negative comments were made against him. Others opinions stated that he is a corrupt, unjust, and selfish. According to the respondents, basically, he made many achievements but in the end, he stole billions of money from our country and imposed the Martial Law that never did a good thing for our country. As we look upon the results clearly, there is obviously a clash between ideas. Each ones opinion has something to say. But finding out whose opinions are stronger

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requires deep exploration. Each side has its own stand and every time we look closer to the thoughts behind it, we think that we have seen enough. VII. Conclusion After making surveys, conducting interviews and exploring useful ideas to put up in this research paper, a lot of work has already been done. But looking upon the results and findings, we have noticed that every opinion about Marcos administration is very different from others. Each side has its own stand, therefore, each has something to say. But it appears that the Antis are greater than the Pros. Basing upon the comments and opinions towards Marcos administration, there are more negative thoughts about him than positive ones. Although there are positive comments as well, from the results of the surveys, interviews and researches, many people are against Marcos. The main and only reason that everyone has been blaming is because of his imposed law, the Martial Law. The Martial Law has contributed a lot in Marcos status. If not because of it, Marcos achievements would be more dominant. But eventually, it brought him down. VIII. Appendices

1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines The 1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, ratified by the Citizens Assemblies on January 17, 1973, provides for a shift from a presidential form of government to a parliamentary system. The President serves as a symbolic head of State, executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister with the assistance of the

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Cabinet, and legislative power is vested in a unicameral National Assembly. In 1976, the National Assembly was replaced by the BatasangPambansa, by virtue of PD 1033 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos. History On March 16, 1967, the Philippine Congress passed Resolution No. 2 calling for a Constitutional Convention to change the Constitution. Election of the delegates to the Convention was held on November 20, 1970 pursuant to Republic Act No. 6132, otherwise known as the 1970 Constitutional Convention Act.The Constitutional Convention formally began on June 1, 1971. Former President Carlos P. Garcia, a delegate from Bohol, was elected President. Unfortunately, he died on June 14, 1971 and was succeeded by another former President, DiosdadoMacapagal of Pampanga. Before the Convention could finish its work, martial law was proclaimed. Several delegates were placed under detention and others went into hiding or voluntary exile. The martial law declaration affected the final outcome of the convention. In fact, it was said, that the President dictated some provisions of the Constitution. On November 29, 1972, the Convention approved its Proposed Constitution of the Philippines. On November 30, 1972, President Marcos issued Presidential Decree No.73 setting the date of the plebiscite to be held on January 15, 1973 for the ratification or rejection of the proposed Constitution. However, on January 7, 1973, the President issued General Order No. 20 postponing indefinitely the scheduled plebiscite. From January 10 to 15, 1973, the Citizen Assemblies voted for a ratification of the 1973 Constitution; the suspension of the convening of the Interim National Assembly; the continuation of martial law; and moratorium on elections for a period of at least seven years. On
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January 17, 1973 the President issued Proclamation No. 1102 announcing that the proposed Constitution has been ratified by an overwhelming vote of the members of the Citizen Assemblies through Presidential Decree No. 86. The 1973 Constitution would have established a parliamentary government in the Philippines, with the President as a symbolic head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. This was not implemented as a result of the referendum-plebiscite held on January 10-15, 1972 through the Citizen Assemblies whereby an overwhelming majority rejected the convening of a National Assembly. From 1972 until the convening of the Interim BatasangPambansa in 1978, the President exercised absolute legislative power. 1976 Amendments to the Constitution On 22 September 1976, President Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 1033 proposing amendments to the Constitution, which was later on ratified and included in the 1973 Constitution. On October 16-17, 1976 majority of barangay voters approved that martial law should be continued and ratified the amendments to the Constitution proposed by President Marcos. The 1976 Amendments were: an Interim

BatasangPambansa (IBP) substituting for the Interim National Assembly, the President would also become the Prime Minister and he would continue to exercise legislative powers until martial law should have been lifted. 1981 and 1984 Amendments The 1981 amendments basically restored the Presidential system of government. With its adoption on April 7, 1981, the President was restored from a mere symbolic head of state to its original status--as the head of state and chief executive of the country. The

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amended Constitution granted the incumbent President several powers and functions which were originally vested in him by the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, whichwere transferred to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The Prime Minister became the Head of Cabinet. IX. References

http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/PhilippinesOVERVIEW-OF-ECONOMY.html#ixzz1mvSsvgwQ http://asianhistory.about.com/od/profilesofasianleaders/p/fmarcosbio.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictatorship http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=1973_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_the_P hilippines http://rommelsibay.wordpress.com/iv-marcos-deserted-achievements/ http://www.philippine-history.org/martial-law-philippines.htm http://www.thefreedictionary.com/achievement http://www.uv.es/EBRIT/macro/macro_5004_97_33.html Philippines Overview of economy, Information about Overview of economy in Philippines

X.

Bibliography

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In order to fulfill this research, we have made and conducted surveys and interviews among students and professors at De La Salle Lipa. The tools that we have used to make the surveys and interviews possible are attached here.

Name:

Year and Section: A pleasant day to you! First of all, thank you for having the chance to answer this survey. We are BS Legal Management students of ----- and we would just like to ask you a few questions regarding our topic, Marcoss Administration: His Achievements, Problems and Downfall. It would be of great help if you accomplish it completely and honestly. Question th Do you know that Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was the 10 president of the Philippines? 2. Are you aware about the happenings during Marcos presidency? 3. Tracing back the Philippine History, can you recall his achievements and problems regarding our country? 4. Do you know that Marcos was the first president to win a thrice in the Philippine Elections? 5. Marcos spent twenty-one years as the President of the Philippines, is that true? 6. Do you believe that Marcos was the only one who imposed the Martial Law? 7. Do you have knowledge about the effects that the Martial Law brought to the country? 8. Are you aware about the worsening of peace and order during his administration? 9. Are you aware about the developments on agriculture, roads, bridges, school houses and arts during his administration? 10. Do you think that Marcos was the one behind Aquinos assassination? 1. Yes No

What are your opinions/commentaries regarding Marcos administration? Are you against him? Why or why not? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Are his achievements worth his presidency? Why or why not? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Evaluation(Please shade the circle of your chosen answer.) Which do you think is dominant, his Achievements? Or Problems? O Achievements O Problems

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Marcoss Administration, are you with him or not? O YES O NO

Thank you for answering! ------Researchers

-----Interview Questionnaire 1. Are you aware of how Marcos achieved his presidency? 2. How do you think was he able to maintain his presidency amidst the peoples complaints against him? 3. Do you have an idea about how he made it to his third term of presidency? 4. What are your opinions towards his law, The Martial Law? 5. Do you think that the Martial Law was an effective solution to respond to the countrys problems? 6. Did Martial Law achieve its goal on bringing discipline and order to our country? 7. Are you against Marcos administration? Why or why not? 8. Do you think his achievements were worth his presidency? 9. What do you feel about the advantages of Marcos administration? 10. What do you feel about the disadvantages of Marcos administration?

Whether you are writing for a school assignment or professionally, it is imperative that you have a vocabulary that will provide for
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clear communication of your ideas and thoughts. You need to know the type and level of your audience and adjust your vocabulary accordingly. It is worthwhile to constantly work at improving your knowledge of words. To help with this task, please consider using our Vocabulary Builder to improve your comprehension and usage of words.

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