Good Mushroom Bad Mushroom: Who's Who, Where to Find Them, and How to Enjoy Them Safely
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Good Mushroom Bad Mushroom - John Plischke
GOOD MUSHROOM
BAD MUSHROOM
GOOD MUSHROOM BAD MUSHROOM
Who’s Who, Where to Find Them, and How to Enjoy Them Safely
John Plischke III
PITTSBURGH
Good Mushroom Bad Mushroom
Who’s Who, Where to Find Them, and How to Enjoy Them Safely
(All You Need to Know About the Wild Mushrooms of North America)
Copyright © 2011 John Plischke III
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages for review purposes.
ISBN-13: 978-0-9819615-8-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937018
CIP information available upon request
First Edition, 2011
St. Lynn’s Press . POB 18680 . Pittsburgh, PA 15236
412.381.9933 . www.stlynnspress.com
Typesetting–Holly Rosborough, St. Lynn’s Press
Cover Design–Jeff Nicoll
Editor–Catherine Dees
Photo Credits
All photos © John Plischke III
Disclaimer: The author and publisher expressly disclaim any responsibility for any adverse effects occurring as a result of the suggestions or information herein, including the handling or consuming of fungi named in this book.
Printed in China
This title and all of St. Lynn’s Press books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. For information please write:
Special Markets Department . St. Lynn’s Press . POB 18680 . Pittsburgh, PA 15236
10 9 8 7 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Collecting & Preparing Edible Wild Mushrooms
Basic Mushroom Anatomy & Common Terms
How to Make a Spore Print
THE MUSHROOMS
Inedible or Poisonous
Berkeley’s Polypore
Deadly Galerina
Fly Agaric
Jack O’Lantern
Korf’s Gyromitra/Snow Mushroom
Peck’s Milky
Pigskin Poison Puffball
Red Mouth Bolete
Scaly Vase Chanterelle
Smooth Thimble Cap
Viscid Violet Cort
Edible
Abortive Entoloma
Alcohol Inky
Bear’s Head Tooth
Black Trumpet
Blewit
Bradley
Candy Cap
Cauliflower Mushroom
Chaga
Chanterelle
Chicken Mushroom
Field Mushroom
Giant Puffball
Hemlock Varnish Shelf
King Bolete
Matsutake
Oyster Mushroom
Pear Shaped Puffball
Shaggy Mane
Sheep Head
Short Stalked Suillus
Stump Mushroom
Sweet Tooth
Velvet Foot
Wine Cap Stropharia
Yellow Morel
Recipes
Resources
Index
Acknowledgments
About the Author
INTRODUCTION
Picking and eating wild mushrooms can be one of the most rewarding experiences any lover of the out of doors or gourmet cooking can experience. Edible wild mushrooms are many times more delectable than store-bought button mushrooms. Many people believe the taste of Morels tops the list. As you comb the woods and fields for mushrooms, you will likely learn more about the out of doors than you ever felt possible. The experience is like hunting for a treasure chest. It is exciting and fun. However, you need to be aware of potential dangers.
SOME GUIDELINES FOR YOUR HUNT
You will encounter many very nice people. You may also encounter tics, poisonous snakes, bears or wild dogs. Be careful not to break a leg or get lost. Be cautious, but enjoy the hunt. Be exacting in your mushroom identification. Buy several field guides to aid you, and triple check your information. Go hunting with someone who really knows what they are doing. By all means join a mushroom club. If you do, your learning curve will increase dramatically. If you don’t know of one, check the North American Mycological Association website at www.namyco.org and find the one closest to you. Remember that any source may produce a mistake, so cross-check everything. I may even have a mistake in this book, try as I did to make it accurate. It is up to you to triple-check what I say as well.
Do you know who’s who? One of these can be lethal; the other is a harmless delicacy. (Deadly Galerina on left, Eastern King Bolete on right)
BEFORE YOUR FIRST BITE
Some people are allergic to chocolate, peanuts or milk; others are allergic to specific mushrooms even though they are edible. The first time you eat a mushroom, eat only a small quantity. Don’t eat more than one new type of mushroom at a time. Always thoroughly clean and cook wild mushrooms. Check the field guides to see what they say about alcohol consumption with the mushroom; some mushrooms and alcohol don’t mix. You don’t eat rotting meat; don’t eat rotting mushrooms. Mushroom rule number one is: When in doubt, throw it out! Always keep a refrigerated sample (whole, uncooked mushroom) of what you have eaten, which will aid health workers in treating you if you have made a mistake.
IT’S ALL ABOUT ID’ING
This booklet is intended to be a guide to some of the more common edible wild mushrooms and their poisonous look-alikes. It should be only one of the tools you use in identification. Most of the photos in this book have been set up in a way that their use will aid in the mushroom identification process. Some photos show the mushrooms cut in half so you can see how the interior looks or how the cap is attached; others show habitat, plants or trees.
SAFE, NOT SORRY
Although I have picked and eaten wild mushrooms for over 35 years, I always err on the side of caution. As delicious as they may be, they can be dangerous or deadly. The safest thing is not to eat wild mushrooms at all. If you choose to eat them anyway, the responsibility is entirely yours.
That being said, I have one more word for you: Enjoy!
COLLECTING & PREPARING EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS
COLLECTING
Basket
Mushrooms can be somewhat fragile, so many folks prefer to collect them in a basket. The first thing to look for when choosing a basket is the direction of the handle. The handle should go from the front to the back of the basket when it is held at your side. It should be connected to the widest ends of the basket, which will make it much easier to carry.
After the basket is purchased it should be stained a quiet color, one that will not make the basket stand out and draw unwanted attention from other mushroom hunters. It should be varnished for protection, which will also make it easier to clean. If you don’t have a basket, use a large, clean brown paper grocery bag. I also like to use camouflage netted bags when hunting at a location where the mushrooms need to be concealed because of competition. In addition to mushrooms, in my basket I often keep a field guide, bags, and a small collecting multi-chambered container for delicate mushrooms, as well as a can of mace and a camera. I also like to attach a compass and a whistle to the basket with a piece of string just in case I become lost. Take a cell phone along; you never know when it might come in handy (if you’re able to get a signal).
Bags
If you are picking a lot of one kind of edible