Gastrointestinal Bleeding, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
()
About this ebook
This book describes Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is any type of bleeding that begins in the GI tract.
GI bleeding is a symptom of a disease or disorder, rather than a disease or disorder itself.
Bleeding may occur from any location along the GI tract, but is often classified into:
1. Upper GI bleeding (before the ligament of Treitz):
The upper GI tract involves the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach), stomach, and first part of the small intestine.
2. Lower GI bleeding (after the ligament of Treitz):
The lower GI tract involves much of the small intestine, large intestine or bowels, rectum, and anus.
Causes
GI bleeding may be due to disorders that are not serious, such as:
1. Anal fissure
2. Hemorrhoids
GI bleeding may also be a sign of more severe diseases and disorders.
These may involve cancers of the GI tract such as:
1. Cancer of the colon
2. Cancer of the small intestine
3. Cancer of the stomach
4. Intestinal polyps (a pre-cancerous condition)
Other causes of GI bleeding may include:
1. Abnormal blood vessels in the lining of the intestines (also called angiodysplasia)
2. Bleeding diverticulum, or diverticulosis
3. Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis
4. Esophageal varices
5. Esophagitis
6. Gastric (stomach) ulcer
7. Intussusception (bowel telescoped on itself)
8. Mallory-Weiss tear
9. Meckel diverticulum
10. Radiation injury to the bowel
Peptic ulcer is the most widespread cause of upper GI bleeding.
Diverticular disease is the most frequent cause of lower GI bleeding
Most causes can be classified under:
1.Erosive or Inflammation e.g peptic ulcer, diverticular disease, esophagitis, colitis
2.Vascular rupture e.g Esophageal varices, Angiodysplasia
3.Tumors or cancers e,g gastric cancer or colon cancers, polyps
4.Others e.g. Aorto-enteric fistulas, radiation colitis
Symptoms
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a symptom of a disease in the gastrointestinal tract.
The blood often appears in stool or vomit but is not always visible, though it may cause the stool to look black or tarry.
The level of bleeding can vary from mild to serious and can be life-threatening.
Specialized imaging technology, when needed, can normally find the cause of the bleeding.
Signs and symptoms of GI bleeding can be either obvious (overt) or hidden (occult).
Signs and symptoms are dependent on the location of the bleed, which can be anywhere on the GI tract, from where it starts (the mouth) to where it ends (the anus) and the rate of bleeding.
Diagnosis
In order to diagnose GI bleeding, the doctor will first find the location of the bleeding.
Depending on the symptoms, the doctor will order one or more diagnostic tests to confirm whether the patient has bleeding in the GI tract.
The doctor will take a medical history, including a history of previous bleeding, conduct a physical exam and possibly order tests.
Blood tests
The patient may need a complete blood count, a test to see how fast the blood clots, a platelet count and liver function tests.
Stool tests
Nasogastric lavage
Gastroscopy
Colonoscopy
Capsule endoscopy
Endoscopy uses a tiny camera on the end of a long tube, which is passed through the mouth to enable the doctor to examine the upper gastrointestinal tract or the rectum to examine the colon.
Treatment
Treatment of bleeding in the GI tract is dependent on the cause or location of the bleeding.
GI bleeding can be an emergency situation that needs immediate medical care.
1. Blood transfusions.
2. Fluids and medicines through a vein.
Endoscopy can diagnose and treat the bleeding
Often, GI bleeding stops on its own.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Chapter 2 Cau
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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Gastrointestinal Bleeding, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
Gastrointestinal Bleeding,
A
Simple
Guide
To
The Condition,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.
(What You Need to Treat Gastrointestinal Bleeding)
This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
What is Gastrointestinal Bleeding?
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is any type of bleeding that begins in the GI tract.
GI bleeding is a symptom of a disease or disorder, rather than a disease or disorder itself.
Bleeding may occur from any location along the GI tract, but is often classified into:
1. Upper GI bleeding (before the ligament of Treitz):
The upper GI tract involves the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach), stomach, and first part of the small intestine.
2. Lower GI bleeding (after the ligament of Treitz):
The lower GI tract involves much of the small intestine, large intestine or bowels, rectum, and anus.
What are the Causes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding?
Causes
GI bleeding may be due to disorders that are not serious, such as:
1. Anal fissure
2. Hemorrhoids
GI bleeding may also be a sign of more severe diseases and disorders.
These may involve cancers of the GI tract such as:
1. Cancer of the colon
2. Cancer of the small intestine
3. Cancer of the stomach
4. Intestinal polyps (a pre-cancerous condition)
Other causes of GI bleeding may include:
1. Abnormal blood vessels in the lining of the intestines (also called angiodysplasia)
2. Bleeding diverticulum, or diverticulosis
3. Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis
4. Esophageal varices
5. Esophagitis
6. Gastric (stomach) ulcer
7. Intussusception (bowel telescoped on itself)
8. Mallory-Weiss tear
9. Meckel diverticulum
10. Radiation injury to the bowel
Gastrointestinal bleeding can