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    Aeronautical Chart Users Guide: National Aeronautical Navigation Services
    Aeronautical Chart Users Guide: National Aeronautical Navigation Services
    Aeronautical Chart Users Guide: National Aeronautical Navigation Services
    Ebook154 pages37 minutes

    Aeronautical Chart Users Guide: National Aeronautical Navigation Services

    By Federal Aviation Administration

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    About this ebook

    A critical reference tool for any aeronautical navigator, the ninth edition of the Aeronautical Chart User’s Guide presents the most up-to-date information on charts adhering to Visual Flight Rule (VFR) and Instrument Flying Rule (IFR). Hundreds of color images throughout the book are paired with easy-to-understand explanations and definitions. This concise guide allows pilots and students to successfully pre-plan flight paths through any type of environment from man-made obstacles to natural terrain. In addition, the updated Aeronautical Chart User’s Guide is a great study aid for current pilots who are preparing for additional certification and for potential pilots who are interested in applying for their first license.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherSkyhorse
    Release dateFeb 1, 2012
    ISBN9781620873960
    Aeronautical Chart Users Guide: National Aeronautical Navigation Services
    Author

    Federal Aviation Administration

    The Federal Aviation Administration is the national aviation authority of the United States. It regulates and oversees the aviation industry, pilot licensing, and airspace with the goal of providing “the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world.”

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      Book preview

      Aeronautical Chart Users Guide - Federal Aviation Administration

      VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS

      EXPLANATION OF VFR TERMS AND SYMBOLS

      The discussions and examples in this section are based on the Sectional Aeronautical Chart (Sectionals). Sectionals include the most current data and are at a scale (1:500,000) most beneficial to pilots flying under Visual Flight Rules. A pilot should have little difficulty in reading these charts which are, in many respects, similar to automobile road maps. Each chart is named for a major city within its area of coverage.

      The chart legend lists various aeronautical symbols as well as information concerning drainage, terrain and contour elevations. You may identify aeronautical, topographical, and obstruction symbols (such as radio and television towers) by referring to the legend. Many landmarks which can be easily recognized from the air, such as stadiums, pumping stations, refineries, etc., are identified by brief descriptions adjacent to small black squares marking their exact locations ? Oil wells are shown by small open circles. Water, oil and gas tanks are shown by small black circles and labeled accordingly, if known. The scale of an item may be increased to make it easier to read on the chart.

      AeroNav Services’ charts are prepared in accordance with specifications of the Interagency Air Cartographic Committee (IACC) and are approved by representatives of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Department of Defense (DoD).

      HYDROGRAPHY

      Two tones of blue are used to distinguish water areas identified as Open Water and Inland Water.

      Open Water is defined as the limits (shore-lines) of all coastal features at mean high water for oceans, seas and associated waters such as bays, gulfs, sounds, fords, large estuaries, etc. Exceptionally large lakes such as the Great Lakes, Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, etc., will be considered as Open Water features. The Open Water tone will be extended inland as far as deemed necessary to adjoin the Inland Water tone (generally where drainage lines coalesce to a width of 0.1" approximate).

      Inland Water is defined as all other bodies of water. Cartographic judgement is used as required in some instances.

      TERRAIN AND OBSTRUCTIONS

      The elevation and configuration of the Earth’s surface are certainly of prime importance to pilots. Cartographers devote a great deal of attention to showing relief and obstruction data in a clear and concise manner. Five different techniques are used: contour lines, shaded relief, color tints, obstruction symbols, and Maximum Elevation Figures (MEF).

      1. Contour lines are lines connecting points on the Earth of equal elevation. On Sectionals, basic contours are spaced at 500’ intervals. Intermediate contours may also be shown at 250’ intervals in moderately level or gently rolling areas. Occasionally, auxiliary contours at 50, 100, 125, or 150’ intervals may be used to portray smaller relief features in areas of relatively low relief. The pattern of these lines and their spacing gives the pilot a visual concept of the terrain. Widely spaced contours represent gentle slopes, while closely spaced contours represent steep slopes.

      2. Shaded relief is a depiction of how the terrain might appear from the air. The cartographer shades the areas that would appear in shadow if illuminated by a light from the northwest. Studies have indicated that our visual perception has been conditioned to this view.

      3.Color tints, also referred to as hypsometric tints, are used to depict bands of elevation relative to sea level. These colors range from light green for the lowest elevations to dark brown for the higher elevations.

      4.Obstruction symbols are used to depict man-made

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