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    Volkmann Contracture, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Volkmann Contracture, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Volkmann Contracture, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook69 pages37 minutes

    Volkmann Contracture, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Volkmann Contracture, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Volkmann contracture consists of a deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist produced by injury to the muscles of the forearm.
    It results in a claw like deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist.
    Volkmann ischemic contracture is more common in children.
    A similar disorder can occur in the foot.
    Volkmann portrayed a contracture of the muscles of the wrist and fingers which result from tight bandaging of the arm in the treatment of fractures about the elbow.
    He believed that it was fundamentally due to ischemia of the muscles.
    Generally, Volkmann contractures are infrequent, with an incidence of about 0.5%.
    The disorder happens most often in children in the first 10 years of life, and follows injuries,mainly to the elbow, and especially those linked with pressure either internal or external.
    Causes
    Volkmann contracture happens when there is inadequate blood flow (ischemia) to the forearm.
    This happens when there is increased pressure due to swelling, a disorder called compartment syndrome.
    Injury to the arm (a crush injury or fracture) can cause swelling that presses on blood vessels and reduces blood flow to the arm.
    A prolonged reduction in blood flow injures the nerves and muscles, causing them to become stiff and contracted.
    When the muscle contracts, it pulls on the joint at the end of the muscle like if it were normally contracted.
    But because it is rigid, the joint stays crooked and stuck.
    This disorder is called a contracture.
    In Volkmann contracture, the muscles of the forearm are seriously damaged.
    This causes contracture deformities of the fingers, hand, and wrist.
    There are 3 stages of severity in Volkmann contracture:
    1.Mild -- contracture of 2 or 3 fingers only, with no or limited loss of feeling
    2.Moderate -- all fingers are bent and the thumb is stuck in the palm; the wrist may be bent stuck
    3.Severe -- all muscles in the forearm that both flex and extend the wrist and fingers are involved
    Symptoms
    1.Decreased sensation
    2.Paleness of the skin
    3.Muscle weakness and loss
    4.Deformity of the wrist, hand, fingers
    Medical presentation:
    1.Pain,
    2.Pallor,
    3.Pulselessness
    4.Paresthesias
    5.Paralysis
    The wrist is flexed
    Fingers are extended at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints and flexed at the inter-phalangeal joints
    Forearm is pronated and the elbow flexed
    Diagnosis:
    Appearance of Contracture and hand
    X-ray of the arm for fracture
    Tests of the muscles and nerves for their function
    Treatment
    The goal of treatment is to help people with Volkmann contracture recover some or full use of the arm and hand.
    For mild contracture, muscle stretching exercises and splinting the affected fingers may be done.
    Surgery may be required to make the tendons longer
    For moderate contracture, the surgery is done to repair the muscles, tendons, and nerves.
    The arm bones are shortened
    For severe contracture, surgery is done to remove muscles, tendons, or nerves that are thickened, scarred, or dead.
    These are replaced by muscles, tendons, or nerves transferred from other body areas
    Acute stage:
    All measures favoring circulation normally are of the greatest value:
    1.Elevation of the part,
    2.Removal of any splint or circulation bandage, and
    3.Application of mild external warmth
    Emergency fasciotomy is needed to avoid progression to Volkmann contracture.
    Patients with compartment pressures surpassing 30 mm Hg should be sent for emergency fasciotomy.
    When needed, the arterial repair and fixation of the fracture should be done
    Physical therapy and occupational therapy should be provided
    Other treatment:
    Muscle surgery
    Nerve Exploration
    Tendon transfer

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Volkmann Contracture

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateSep 15, 2018
    ISBN9780463180730
    Volkmann Contracture, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Volkmann Contracture, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Volkmann Contracture,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Volkmann Contracture, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What The patient Need to Treat Volkmann Contracture)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions

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