Apache Spark for Data Science Cookbook

Table of Contents

Apache Spark for Data Science Cookbook

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewer

www.PacktPub.com

Why subscribe?

Customer Feedback

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Sections

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Big Data Analytics with Spark

Introduction

Initializing SparkContext

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Working with Spark's Python and Scala shells

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Building standalone applications

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Working with the Spark programming model

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Working with pair RDDs

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Persisting RDDs

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Loading and saving data

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Creating broadcast variables and accumulators

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Submitting applications to a cluster

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Working with DataFrames

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Working with Spark Streaming

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

2. Tricky Statistics with Spark

Introduction

Working with Pandas

Variable identification

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Sampling data

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Summary and descriptive statistics

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Generating frequency tables

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Installing Pandas on Linux

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Installing Pandas from source

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Using IPython with PySpark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it work…

There's more…

See also

Creating Pandas DataFrames over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Splitting, slicing, sorting, filtering, and grouping DataFrames over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing co-variance and correlation using Pandas

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Concatenating and merging operations over DataFrames

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Complex operations over DataFrames

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Sparkling Pandas

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

3. Data Analysis with Spark

Introduction

Univariate analysis

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Bivariate analysis

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Missing value treatment

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Outlier detection

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Use case - analyzing the MovieLens dataset

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Use case - analyzing the Uber dataset

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

4. Clustering, Classification, and Regression

Introduction

Supervised learning

Unsupervised learning

Applying regression analysis for sales data

Variable identification

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Data exploration

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Feature engineering

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Applying linear regression

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Applying logistic regression on bank marketing data

Variable identification

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Data exploration

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Feature engineering

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Applying logistic regression

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Real-time intrusion detection using streaming k-means

Variable identification

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Simulating real-time data

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Applying streaming k-means

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

5. Working with Spark MLlib

Introduction

Working with Spark ML pipelines

Implementing Naive Bayes' classification

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing decision trees

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Building a recommendation system

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing logistic regression using Spark ML pipelines

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

6. NLP with Spark

Introduction

Installing NLTK on Linux

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Installing Anaconda on Linux

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Anaconda for cluster management

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

POS tagging with PySpark on an Anaconda cluster

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

NER with IPython over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing openNLP - chunker over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing openNLP - sentence detector over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing stanford NLP - lemmatization over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing sentiment analysis using stanford NLP over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

7. Working with Sparkling Water - H2O

Introduction

Features

Working with H2O on Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing k-means using H2O over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing spam detection with Sparkling Water

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Deep learning with airlines and weather data

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Implementing a crime detection application

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Running SVM with H2O over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

8. Data Visualization with Spark

Introduction

Visualization using Zeppelin

Getting ready

How to do it…

Installing Zeppelin

Customizing Zeppelin's server and websocket port

Visualizing data on HDFS - parameterizing inputs

Running custom functions

Adding external dependencies to Zeppelin

Pointing to an external Spark Cluster

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Creating scatter plots with Bokeh-Scala

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Creating a time series MultiPlot with Bokeh-Scala

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it work…

There's more…

See also

Creating plots with the lightning visualization server

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Visualize machine learning models with Databricks notebook

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

9. Deep Learning on Spark

Introduction

Installing CaffeOnSpark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Working with CaffeOnSpark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Running a feed-forward neural network with DeepLearning 4j over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Running an RBM with DeepLearning4j over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Running a CNN for learning MNIST with DeepLearning4j over Spark

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Installing TensorFlow

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Working with Spark TensorFlow

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

10. Working with SparkR

Introduction

Installing R

Getting ready…

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Interactive analysis with the SparkR shell

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Creating a SparkR standalone application from RStudio

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Creating SparkR DataFrames

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

SparkR DataFrame operations

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Applying user-defined functions in SparkR

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Running SQL queries from SparkR and caching DataFrames

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Machine learning with SparkR

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Apache Spark for Data Science Cookbook

Apache Spark for Data Science Cookbook

Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: December 2016

Production reference: 1161216

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place

35 Livery Street

Birmingham 

B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78588-010-0

www.packtpub.com

Credits

About the Author

Padma Priya Chitturi is Analytics Lead at Fractal Analytics Pvt Ltd and has over five years of experience in Big Data processing. Currently, she is part of capability development at Fractal and responsible for solution development for analytical problems across multiple business domains at large scale. Prior to this, she worked for an Airlines product on a real-time processing platform serving one million user requests/sec at Amadeus Software Labs. She has worked on realizing large-scale deep networks (Jeffrey dean's work in Google brain) for image classification on the big data platform Spark. She works closely with Big Data technologies such as Spark, Storm, Cassandra and Hadoop. She was an open source contributor to Apache Storm.

First, I would like to thank the Packt Publishing team for providing a great opportunity for me to take part in this exciting journey and would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my family, friends and colleagues who has been very supportive and helped me in finishing this project within time.

About the Reviewer

Roberto Corizzo is a PhD student at the Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, Italy. His research interests include Big Data analytics, data mining, and predictive modeling techniques for sensor networks. He has been involved as technical reviewer for Packt's Learning Hadoop 2 and Learning Python Web Penetration Testing video courses.

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Preface

In recent years, the volume of data being collected, stored, and analyzed has exploded, in particular in relation to the activity on the Web and mobile devices, as well as data from the physical world collected via sensor networks. While previously large-scale data storage, processing, analysis, and modeling was the domain of the largest institutions such as Google, Yahoo!, Facebook, and Twitter, increasingly, many organizations are being faced with the challenge of how to handle a massive amount of data.

 With the advent of big data, extracting knowledge from large, heterogeneous, and noisy datasets requires not only powerful computing resources, but the programming abstractions to use them effectively. The abstractions that emerged in the last decade blend ideas from parallel databases, distributed systems, and programming languages to create a new class of scalable data analytics platforms that form the foundation for data science at realistic scales.

The objective of this book is to get the audience the flavor of challenges in data science and addressing them with a variety of analytical tools on a distributed system such as Spark (apt for iterative algorithms), which offers in-memory processing and more flexible for data analysis at scale. This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of Spark and helps them learn the concepts with code examples. It also talks in brief about data mining, text mining, NLP, machine learning, and so on. The readers get to know how to solve real-world analytical problems with large datasets and are made aware of a very practical approach and code to use analytical tools that leverage the features of Spark.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Big Data Analytics with Spark, introduces Scala, Python and R can be used for data analysis. It also details about Spark programming model, API will be introduced, shows how to install, set up a development environment for the Spark framework and run jobs in distributed mode. I will also show working with DataFrames and Streaming computation models.

Chapter 2, Tricky Statistics with Spark, shows how to apply various statistical measures such as generating sample data, constructing frequency tables, summary and descriptive statistics on large datasets using Spark and Pandas

Chapter 3, Data Analysis with Spark, details how to apply common data exploration and preparation techniques such as univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, missing values treatment, identifying the outliers and techniques for variable transformation using Spark.

Chapter 4, Clustering, Classification and Regression, deals with creating models for regression, classification and clustering as well as shows how to utilize standard performance-evaluation methodologies for the machine learning models built.

Chapter 5, Working with Spark MLlib, provides an overview of Spark MLlib and ML pipelines and presents examples for implementing Naive Bayes classification, decision trees and recommendation systems.

Chapter 6, NLP with Spark, shows how to install NLTK, Anaconda and apply NLP tasks such as POS tagging, Named Entity Recognition, Chunker, Sentence Detector, Lemmatization using Core NLP and Stanford NLP over Spark.

Chapter 7, Working with Sparkling Water - H2O, details how to integrate H2O with Spark and shows applying various algorithms such as k-means, deep learning and SVM and also show developing applications –spam detection and crime detection with Sparkling Water.

Chapter 8, Data Visualization with Spark, show the integration of widely used visualization tools such as Zeppelin, Lightning Server and highly active Scala bindings (Bokeh-Scala) for visualizing large data sets.

Chapter 9, Deep Learning on Spark, shows how to implement deep learning algorithms such as RBM, CNN for learning MNIST, Feed-forward neural networks with the tools Deep Learning4j, TensorFlow using Spark.

Chapter 10, Working with SparkR, provides examples on creating distributed data frames in R, various operations that could be applied in SparkR and details on applying user-defined functions, SQL queries and machine learning in SparkR.

What you need for this book

Throughout this book, we assume that you have some basic experience with programming in Scala, Java, or Python and have some basic knowledge of machine learning, statistics, and data analysis.

Who this book is for

This book is intended for entry-level to intermediate data scientists, data analysts, engineers and practitioners who want to get acquainted with solving numerous data science problems using a distributed computing framework like Spark. The readers are expected to have knowledge on statistics, data science tools like R, Pandas and understanding on distributed systems (some exposure to Hadoop).

Sections

In this book, you will find several headings that appear frequently (Getting ready, How to do it, How it works, There's more, and See also).

To give clear instructions on how to complete a recipe, we use these sections as follows:

Getting ready

This section tells you what to expect in the recipe, and describes how to set up any software or any preliminary settings required for the recipe.

How to do it…

This section contains the steps required to follow the recipe.

How it works…

This section usually consists of a detailed explanation of what happened in the previous section.

There's more…

This section consists of additional information about the recipe in order to make the reader more knowledgeable about the recipe.

See also

This section provides helpful links to other useful information for the recipe.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: Both spark-shell and PySpark are available in the bin directory of SPARK_HOME, that is, SPARK_HOME/bin

A block of code is set as follows:

from pyspark 

import SparkContext