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    Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatments And Related Conditions
    Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatments And Related Conditions
    Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatments And Related Conditions
    Ebook157 pages2 hours

    Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatments And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Acidosis is a medical disorder in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.
    It is just the opposite of alkalosis (too much base inside the body fluids).
    When the body fluids have too much acid, this is termed acidosis.
    Acidosis happens when the kidneys and lungs can not keep the body’s pH in balance.
    Many of the body’s actions produce acid.
    The lungs and kidneys can normally compensate for slight pH imbalances but disorders with these organs can result in excess acid in the body.
    The acidity of the blood is assessed by determining its pH.
    Acidosis is characterized by a pH of 7.35 or less.
    Acidosis happens when acid accumulates or when a base (bicarbonate) is eliminated.
    Acidosis can result in numerous health problems, and it can even be life-threatening
    Acidosis is classified as either respiratory or metabolic acidosis.
    Metabolic Acidosis:
    1. Diabetic acidosis happens in people with diabetes that is poorly regulated
    2. Hyperchloremic acidosis occurs from a loss of sodium bicarbonate
    3. Lactic acidosis happens when there is too much lactic acid in the body
    Symptoms of respiratory acidosis are:
    1. Fatigue or drowsiness
    2. Confusion
    3. Shortness of breath
    4. Headache
    Symptoms of metabolic acidosis are:
    1. Rapid and shallow breathing
    2. Confusion
    3. Fatigue
    4. Headache
    5. Breath that smells fruity
    An arterial blood gas looks at the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
    It also shows the blood pH
    The first diagnosis of an acidosis problem may be presence of low serum bicarbonate on testing.
    Treatment is aimed at the underlying condition.
    Doctors normally require knowing what is causing the acidosis to determine how to treat it.
    However, some treatments can be used for any type of acidosis.
    The doctor may give the patient sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to raise the pH of the blood.
    This can be done either orally or through an intravenous (IV) drip.
    The patient might also be given oxygen.
    Respiratory Acidosis
    Treatments for this condition are normally designed to help the lungs.
    The patient may be given drugs to dilate the airway.
    The patient might also be given oxygen or a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device.
    The CPAP device can help the patient breathe if the patient has an obstructed airway or muscle weakness.
    Metabolic Acidosis
    The specific forms of metabolic acidosis have their individual treatments.
    People with hyper-chloremic acidosis may be administered oral sodium bicarbonate.
    Acidosis as a result from kidney failure may be treated with sodium citrate.
    Diabetics with ketoacidosis receive intravenous fluids and insulin to correct their pH.
    Lactic acidosis treatment is:
    1. Bicarbonate supplements,
    2. IV fluids,
    3. Oxygen,
    4. Antibiotics, depending on the cause.
    In some patients, sodium bicarbonate (the chemical in baking soda) may be given to reduce the acidity of the blood.
    Patients with metabolic acidosis are often very ill and prone to rapid deterioration.
    Acidosis can be dangerous if untreated.
    Many patients respond well to treatment.
    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Acidosis
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapter 4 Diagnosis
    Chapter 5 Treatment
    Chapter 6 Prognosis
    Chapter 7 Heatstroke
    Chapter 8 Dehydration
    Epilogue

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateFeb 26, 2017
    ISBN9781370891566
    Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatments And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatments And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Acidosis,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatments

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2015 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes the disease Acidosis and Its Treatments and Related Diseases or in vernacular terms

      (What You Need to treat Acidosis)

      This eBook is licensed for the personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://ken-med.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 600 amazon kindle books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical conditions.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from the your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Acidosis

      What is Acidosis?

      Acidosis is a medical disorder in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.

      It is just the opposite of alkalosis (too much base inside the body fluids).

      When the body fluids have too much acid, this is termed acidosis.

      Acidosis happens when the kidneys and lungs can not keep the body’s pH in balance.

      Many of the body’s actions produce acid.

      The lungs and kidneys can normally compensate for slight pH imbalances but disorders with these organs can result in excess acid in the body.

      The acidity of the blood is assessed by determining its pH.

      A lower pH means that the blood is more acidic while a higher pH means that the blood is more basic.

      The pH of the blood should be around 7.4.

      Following the guidelines of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), acidosis is characterized by a pH of 7.35 or less.

      While apparently slight, these differences in numbers can be severe.

      Acidosis can result in numerous health problems, and it can even be life-threatening.

      What are the causes of Acidosis?

      Causes

      The kidneys and lungs keep the balance (proper pH level) of chemicals called acids and bases in the body.

      Acidosis happens when acid accumulates or when a base (bicarbonate) is eliminated.

      Acidosis is classified as either respiratory or metabolic acidosis.

      The two forms of acidosis are respiratory and metabolic.

      Respiratory Acidosis

      Respiratory acidosis happens when too much CO2 builds up in the body.

      Respiratory acidosis forms when there is too much carbon dioxide (an acid) in the body.

      Normally the lungs remove CO2 while the patient breathes.

      However, sometimes the body can not get rid of enough CO2.

      This may happen because of:

      1. Chronic airway conditions, like asthma

      2. Injury to the chest

      3. Obesity, which can make breathing difficult

      4. Sedative misuse

      5. Overuse of alcohol

      6. Muscle weakness in the chest

      7. Problems with the nervous system

      8. Deformed chest structure

      This type of acidosis is normally produced when the body is unable to eliminate enough carbon dioxide through breathing.

      Other terms for respiratory acidosis are carbon dioxide acidosis and hyper-capnic acidosis.

      The causes of respiratory acidosis are:

      1. Chest deformities, such as kyphosis

      2. Chest injuries

      3. Chest muscle weakness

      4. Chronic lung disease

      5. Overuse of sedative drugs

      B. Metabolic Acidosis

      Metabolic acidosis starts in the kidneys instead of the lungs.

      It happens when they can not eliminate enough acid or when they eliminate too much base.

      There are 3 major forms of metabolic acidosis:

      1. Diabetic acidosis happens in people with diabetes that is poorly regulated.

      If the body does not enough insulin, ketones build up in the body and acidify the blood.

      2. Hyperchloremic acidosis occurs from a loss of sodium bicarbonate.

      This base assists to keep the blood neutral.

      Both diarrhea and vomiting can produce this form of acidosis.

      3. Lactic acidosis happens when there is too much lactic acid in the body.

      Many things can produce a buildup of lactic acid:.

      1. Chronic alcohol use,

      2. Heart failure,

      3. Cancer,

      4. Seizures,

      5. Liver failure,

      6. Prolonged lack of oxygen,

      8. Low blood sugar

      Even prolonged exercise can lead to lactic acid buildup.

      Metabolic acidosis is a disorder in which there is too much acid produced in the body fluids.

      Metabolic acidosis is described as a blood pH <7.35 with plasma bicarbonate <22 mmol/L.

      The Winter formula can be useful here - the formula permits calculation of the expected compensating pCO2:

      pCO2 = (1.5 × [HCO3-]) + 8 ± 2

      If the measured pCO2 is >expected pCO2 then more respiratory acidosis may also be present.’

      It is essential to remember that metabolic acidosis is not diagnostic; instead, it is a metabolic disorder that suggests underlying disease as a cause.

      Detection of the underlying cause is the aim to treating the acidosis and giving appropriate therapy

      Respiratory compensation happens normally immediately, unless there is respiratory disorder.

      Pure metabolic acidosis is a name used to describe when there is no other primary acid-base disorder - i.e. there is not a mixed acid-base disorder.

      Compensation may be incomplete (very early limition by other acid-base disorders, or the acidosis exceeds the maximum compensation possible) or full.

      It can also happen when the kidneys cannot eliminate enough acid from the body.

      Metabolic acidosis happens when the too much acid is

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