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2017 NCLEX-RN Test Prep Questions and Answers with Explanations: Study Guide to Pass the License Exam Effortlessly
2017 NCLEX-RN Test Prep Questions and Answers with Explanations: Study Guide to Pass the License Exam Effortlessly
2017 NCLEX-RN Test Prep Questions and Answers with Explanations: Study Guide to Pass the License Exam Effortlessly
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2017 NCLEX-RN Test Prep Questions and Answers with Explanations: Study Guide to Pass the License Exam Effortlessly

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Pass the NCLEX-RN Exam effortlessly on your 1st try with these 750 Practice Exam Questions and Answers with Rationales. These expert written practice exam cram guide is aligned with the most recent NCLEX-RN test plan. It has been peer reviewed and covers the topics actually tested by the NCSBN and state nursing boards.

Written by professionals and leaders in the field of nursing with over 50 years of combined experience.

In this simple course, the "NCLEX-RN Test Prep Questions and Answers with Explanations: Study Guide to Pass the License Real Exam Effortlessly" not only will you learn to pass the state licensing exam, you will also learn:

- How to study for the Nursing exam quickly and effectively.

- 7 Secrets to Passing any exam.

- The best way to approach the licensing exam in order to pass the 1st time.

It will also answer questions like:

- Do I need other course materials from companies like Kaplan or Pearson?

- What kinds of questions are on the NCLEX-RN Exam?

- Should I use the NCLEX-RN Exam Prep for Dummies Book?

This Study Guide contains 750 exam questions and answers with full explanations. You will receive questions and answers that are similar to those on the actual licensing exam.

You deserve the BEST exam prep program there is to prepare you to pass, and it gets no better than this. The NCLEX-RN Test Prep is one of the hardest state exam to pass in the United States. We have compiled this simple exam cram book that quickly and easily prepares you to take your state licensing exam and pass it on the 1st try. Our Exam Review is designed to help you pass the exam in the quickest, easiest and most efficient manner possible.

LanguageEnglish
Release dateDec 1, 2016
ISBN9781370562558
2017 NCLEX-RN Test Prep Questions and Answers with Explanations: Study Guide to Pass the License Exam Effortlessly
Author

U.S. Exam Prep. Professionals, Ltd.

U.S. Exam Prep Professionals, Ltd. is group consisting of Professionals in the State Licensing field for professional careers that include Education Professionals, Attorneys and Ex-Exam Proctors and have been providing exam preparation materials since 2002 for thousands of real licensees, professionals and schools throughout the United States. Our online exam prep materials provide you with the knowledge needed to pass your state exam and quickly help you on your way to becoming a successful licensed professional.

Read more from U.S. Exam Prep. Professionals, Ltd.

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2017 NCLEX-RN Test Prep Questions and Answers with Explanations - U.S. Exam Prep. Professionals, Ltd.

2017 NCLEX-RN

TEST PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

WITH EXPLANATIONS

Study Guide to Pass the License Exam Effortlessly

Fun Science Group

Copyright Fun Science Group 2017

Published by the Fun Science Group at Smashwords

Written by

U.S. Exam Prep. Professionals, Ltd.

© 2017 Copyright Fun Science Group – All Rights Reserved.

Visit out website at www.funsciencegroup.com for more titles.

All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including scanning, photocopying, or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder.

Disclaimer and Terms of Use: The Author and Publisher has strived to be as accurate and complete as possible in the creation of this book, notwithstanding the fact that he does not warrant or represent at any time that the contents within are accurate due to the rapidly changing nature of the Internet. While all attempts have been made to verify information provided in this publication, the Author and Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or contrary interpretation of the subject matter herein. Any perceived slights of specific persons, peoples, or organizations are unintentional. In practical advice books, like anything else in life, there are no guarantees of income made. This book is not intended for use as a source of legal, business, accounting or financial advice. All readers are advised to seek services of competent professionals in legal, business, accounting, and finance field.

First Printing, 2017

Printed in the United States of America

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

7 Secrets to Studying – How to Pass Any Exam

STUDY MODE: Practice Exam Questions with Answers & Explanations

Basic Nursing Care

Management and Practice Directives

Preventing Risks and Complications

Caring for Acute and Chronic Conditions

Safety

Mental Health

Pharmacology

Growth and Development

TEST MODE: Practice Exam Questions

Basic Nursing Care

Management and Practice Directives

Preventing Risks and Complications

Caring for Acute and Chronic Conditions

Safety

Mental Health

Pharmacology

Growth and Development

Test Answer Keys

Conclusion and Limits of Liability

INTRODUCTION

Congratulations on finishing nursing school. Now it’s time to pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN®).

The NCLEX is developed through the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), and although you will be under the jurisdiction of your state board of nursing where you will be working, the NCSBN works with each state to standardize the testing for registered nurse examinees.

The NCLEX questions are written based on the practices of entry-level registered nurses and formulated by registered nurses with advanced education and training. They are designed to test your knowledge of nursing concepts and provide scenarios that will require you to consider what to do next. The NCLEX questions go beyond just technical skill requirements and knowledge and include concepts as client education, caring, communication with others, knowledge of the nursing process and documentation of work.

The most effective way to pass the NCLEX is to review the information you have learned in nursing school and take the time to study it thoroughly. The exam is difficult and those that do not pass will need to take the test again. Do not put off studying. Cramming at the last minute will only lead to a poor outcome. Take your time; allow yourself plenty of study time before the date of your exam. This is an important test and is the measure of the work you will perform someday as a registered nurse.

Good luck and study well!

7 SECRETS TO STUDYING – HOW TO PASS ANY EXAM

Exams! A cause of nervousness, fears, and even terror, yet a necessary rite of passage toward a worthwhile goal.

The good news is there are many things you can do before and during your final exam that will almost guarantee a passing grade.

The two most important things you need are motivation and an effective study plan!

Motivation will take a bit of effort, but it’s the key to achieving your goals. To stay motivated, remember why you took this course and review the benefits you'll derive from passing the exam and receiving your certificate. Perhaps you’re looking forward to increased income, increased self-respect or self-employment. You enrolled in this course because you’re looking forward to a brighter future!

In the following pages, we’ll provide tips and information on how to create an effective study plan. You’ll discover seven guidelines for creating a worthwhile program for yourself. If you want to do well and you want to put forth the effort, use these simple techniques. They have helped many people succeed, and if you use them, they will work for you as well!

SECRET #1: No Excuses! Make Studying a Habit Worth Having

The very first thing you need to do is accept the fact that studying is a requirement, and a necessary part of the learning process.

Set up a Winning Schedule

Next, set up a schedule and follow it! By doing so, you are developing a HABIT of studying. A habit (as you may already know) takes on a life of it’s own and starts to generate its own energy, making it easier and easier for you to continue. Remember, consistency is the key to developing a positive study habit.

How to develop a strong, effective study habit:

• Start small. Start with only 10-15 minutes of studying at a time and then build up to longer amounts as you progress in the material.

• Set time aside for studying every day if possible.

• On the other hand, be realistic. Be sure to set up a reasonable schedule that you can easily follow.

SECRET #2: Create the Right Study Environment

Avoid All Distractions

Try your best to avoid distractions during your study time. Eliminate all the obvious distractions like phone calls, or friends dropping by. Tell your family members, spouse or children that you need time alone to concentrate on your studies. Unplug your phone, shut the door, move the newspaper and magazines to another part of the house. Keep the television and radio off. Take control of your environment!

Don’t Procrastinate!

Don’t be tempted to put off studying for even two or three hours just because the garage needs to be cleaned out, or the closets need reorganizing. Those tasks can wait.

Remember to stick to your schedule.

BONUS TIP: Study Shorter, More Often!

We absorb a lot more information if we learn in small, manageable portions, instead of trying to learn everything at once.

Break it down! Study small sections, take a break, then study again.

SECRET #2: Create the Right Environment (continued)

Where to Study

Find a quiet, comfortable (but not too comfortable) place to study. If you find too many distractions at home, go to your local library. Find a part of the library that is well-lit and ventilated. This will help you to concentrate. Pack a box with everything you need to study, so that when it’s time to go, you can just pick up the box and take off.

The RIGHT Study Environment:

• Studying in the same place each time will help you concentrate and will reinforce your positive study habits.

• If your exam is proctored, try to recreate the same environment as your final exam. This means that if you will be taking the exam sitting at a desk, make sure you study sitting at a desk. If you do this, you will form an association with knowing the material and sitting at a desk. Make your study situation as similar as possible to the exam situation, and, believe it or not, this will actually help you during the exam!

(Later we’ll talk about forming a mental attitude during study that you will duplicate during the exam.)

The WRONG Study Environment:

• Don’t study lying in bed. Your unconscious mind associates your bed with sleep. You’re more likely to nod off than get any real studying done!

• Don’t study in front of the television set.

• Don’t eat while studying. Food can be the greatest distraction of all!

BONUS TIP: Eat Light & Eat Right

Do you study in the evening? If you feel sluggish, it could be because you ate a heavy meal.

Also stay away from foods high in sugar, like candy bars or chocolate. You’ll get an initial surge, but you’ll soon crash! Instead, eat carbohydrates (bread or pasta), fruits or protein (nuts, meat).

SECRET #3: Maximize Your Time

Take Study Breaks

Make sure you take a break! Periodically stand up, gently rotate your neck, touch your toes and feel the stretch along the back of your legs. If possible, take a short walk to get some fresh air.

Find Your Peak Performance Time

Have you noticed that you’re more alert during a certain time of day? For some, their peak time of day is in the afternoon, while others feel sharpest in the early morning hours. Most people claim they’re either a morning person or a night owl. Which are you? Find out, then study during those hours, whether it’s 7:00 a.m. or midnight. However, don’t study when you’re too tired. It’s a waste of your valuable time and it won’t do you any good!

BONUS TIP: Avoid Cramming!

Cramming is a good way to guarantee poor results. Don’t expect to retain any information you try to learn at the last minute. In the days before your exam, you should review the material you’ve already gone over.

SECRET #4: Use Study Aids to Your Advantage

Plan a review of each chapter as you go along, so that you don’t have to review everything all at once right before the exam. Remember, no cramming!

Make up your own questions for each chapter. Use the chapter headings and subheadings for ideas. Can you answer these questions quickly?

Flash cards are very good tools, particularly for memorization of important terms and definitions. You can create them out of the words and terms you’re having the most difficulty with. Review them in random order until you feel confident that you know them.

Videos, (if offered with your course) are excellent study aids, because watching and listening to videos involve more of your senses than just reading. Plus, videos can be rewound and replayed as often as you need.

Practice exams (if available) can also help prepare you for the real thing. If you can score 90% or more on your practice exams, you’re doing well!

Remember, effective studying is a result of active involvement, not just passively reading the text and materials.

BONUS TIP: Score at least 90% correct on your study aids

Your study aids are a valuable tool! Use them to track your progress. You’ll know instantly which topics you’re weaker on and which areas you need to review again.

SECRET #5: Remember to use Memorization Tools!

Associative Memory Techniques

What’s the best way to recall important facts? When you associate something familiar to you with those facts. Here are some examples of associative memory techniques that will work for you.

Acrostics

Have you ever heard of the phrase, Every good boy does fine? This is an example of an acrostic. The first letter in each word stands for the note on the musical staff — E, G, B, D, F. This is an aid to memory. For instance, in real estate, when you want to remember property tax dates, use the acrostic No Darn Fooling Around (for November, December, February, and April). See if you can make up creative acrostics for areas you need help remembering. Sometimes the more outrageous, the better!

Acronyms

Acronyms are actual words formed from the first letters of a series or list of words you need to remember. In grade school when you had to remember the names of the Great Lakes, you probably used the word homes to remember all five lakes - Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior. Be creative in making up acronyms for yourself!

Rhymes

Making up a simple rhyme can be a very effective memorization tool. Remember, i before e, except after c?

Imaging Techniques

Visualization engages a different part of your brain than reading or listening, thereby adding to your learning success. You can use LINKING to recall a list or series of words by creating a visualization that contains all the words you need to recall. The more outlandish the image, the more likely you’ll remember it. For instance, say you want to recall the errands you need to run that day. You need to go to the post office, buy milk, pick up your daughter at soccer practice, and buy dog food. Link these together by visualizing a dog with a letter in its mouth being chased by a cow kicking a soccer ball. It might sound strange, but it works!

BONUS TIP: Make Sure You Understand What You Read

NEVER go past a word you don’t understand in the textbook. Stop and look it up, then continue. If you don’t understand a sentence or paragraph in the text, take it a phrase at a time until it makes sense to you. Write down any term you find difficult and make it into a flash card. Review it the next day at the start of your study session. Soon you’ll know them all!

SECRET #5: Remember to use Memorization Tools! (continued)

Other Memory Techniques

Recitation

Probably the most powerful tool you have to transfer ideas from your short-term memory to your long-term memory is to say those ideas out loud and in your own words.

Interest

You’ll remember things better if you are truly interested in remembering them. It may sound simple, but it’s true! Therefore, periodically recall your reasons for taking this course in the first place. Imagine all the benefits of your new career. Keep your goals in sight. This will refresh your interest in learning the material and aid in your study success.

Repetition

Remember, memory is interest plus repetition. Reading and rereading is helpful, but also say things out loud, write them down, invent acronyms or use the linking technique. Practice what you’ve learned on your family or friends. Have them ask you questions based on the material you’ve studied. We learn through repetition. How do you think we learn the lyrics to a popular song or all those television ad lines and jingles? Because we’ve heard them over and over and over and . . .

SECRET #6: Visualize Your Success and Tame Your Fears!

If you’re like most people, you may have a little discomfort at the thought of taking a quiz or an exam. You may remember past experiences that didn’t work out, or you may focus on how you’ll feel if you don’t do well. Your anxiety may even be intense enough to classify as real fear.

However, it’s important to transform a fearful or negative attitude into a positive attitude, because a positive attitude counts for at least a third of your success on any exam! Luckily, we have the power to focus our attention on thoughts and feelings that serve us better.

BONUS TIP: The past doesn’t equal the future!

Whatever happened before is not destined to happen again. So if you’ve failed in the past, it doesn’t mean you’ll fail in the future. The past is gone, so forget it. Let’s start fresh!

SECRET #6: Visualize Your Fears and Tame Your Success! (continued)

But how do you generate a positive attitude? First, let’s shift our focus away from how we’ll feel if we fail to how we’ll feel when we succeed! Each night (or day) at the end of your study session, visualize yourself receiving your Certificate of Completion. See the words, Congratulations, you’ve passed your course. Smile, take a deep breath, relax and imagine telling your best friend or family member the good news. Enjoy your success. Pat yourself on the back for all that studying and good work. You deserve it!

At first, you may have difficulty visualizing if your fear level is high or if you’ve had a disappointment or two in the past. However, if you persist, little by little, the visualization will become easier. It can actually be quite fun!

Here’s another visualization tip. Remember when we talked about duplicating the same study environment that you’d have during the actual exam as an aid to doing well? Another good visualization technique is to duplicate the mental attitude during study that you’d like to have during the exam.

You’d probably like to be relaxed, confident, clear-minded and alert during the exam. So, before each study session, take a minute to imagine yourself in the exam room, your feet planted on the floor, a clock on the wall in view, your pencils, eraser, and calculator on the desk in front of you. If this makes you nervous — fine. Next, close your eyes and take a long, deep breath. Inhale through your nose, slowly filling up your diaphragm first, then inhaling upward, filling your lungs. Hold your breath to the count of three, then exhale slowly through your mouth while saying the word relax in your mind. As you exhale, imagine your whole body letting go of any tension. Do this three or four times until you feel relaxed. With your eyes still closed, take a moment and concentrate on how it feels to be relaxed. Tell yourself, I am in the exam room and I’m completely relaxed and feeling fine. I feel confident and intelligent! I remember everything I studied. (If you wish, substitute other sentences that feel helpful to you.) If you do this breathing technique and affirmation each time you study, you will develop a relaxation response. This relaxation response will become stronger each time you practice it.

BONUS TIP: Anticipation Jitters are Normal!

Don’t deny what you’re feeling! You’re experiencing anxiety because you realize the importance of passing this exam it’s a natural reaction. However, don’t let this fear paralyze you. Remember your visualization and relaxation techniques.

SECRET #6: Visualize Your Fears and Tame Your Success! (continued)

When you actually find yourself in the exam room, you can close your eyes and repeat this procedure. The relaxation response you developed sitting in your study area will be recalled by your body and will help you relax during the exam. It works!

You can also add a cue to your relaxation response if you’d like. For example, in order to relax during an exam, you can program yourself to deep breathe and relax while gently tapping your index finger on the table. Practice this technique over and over again until your mind associates the relaxation response with the tapping of your finger. Then, if you feel tense when you’re taking the actual exam, all you need to do is gently tap your index finger on the desk and you’ll calm down!

If you psychologically prepare yourself for success, your chances for real success will increase dramatically. Professional athletes frequently use visualization techniques to improve their performance. They don’t allow room for a single negative thought, and neither should you. Tell yourself you’re looking forward to your exam, because it will be the culmination of all your hard work and in the end, you’ll have a rewarding new career!

SECRET #7: Don’t Cram The Night Before - What to Do Instead!

The Day Before the Exam...

If your exam is proctored and you need to drive to the location, make sure you load the car up with gas the day before your exam. Also review the two routes you’ve planned to take to get to the exam location. Think through and write down your pre-exam schedule so that you know when you have to leave the house to arrive at the exam early. Give yourself adequate time to shower, dress, eat, etc. Gather all the materials you’ll need for the exam and put them in a box or bag.

The Night Before...

Some people recommend not studying at all after dinner on the night before the exam. Instead, go for a long walk, or read, or hit some golf balls - whatever relaxes you. If you’ve followed your study schedule and used the suggestions in this booklet, you should be well prepared! Now all you need to do is make sure you get a good night’s sleep. Staying up late, or going out to a party won’t help your test results!

BONUS SECTION: Tips For During The Exam

Regardless of whether your exam is proctored or not, read the directions carefully. Don’t assume you already know what they say. Take nothing for granted. Be sure to note if you’ll be penalized for wrong answers or not. If you’re not penalized for wrong answers, then it’s okay to guess.

Next, do a quick preview of the exam. If you don’t already know how the exam is broken down, this will give you some idea. If any information comes into your mind during the preview, write it down quickly on your scrap paper for use later. Previewing the exam quickly may even give you some answers to questions. Also, your subconscious will be working on the difficult questions you’ve seen before you get to them.

Once you know how the exam breaks down, then you can quickly calculate how much time is reasonable to allot for each section. For instance, an essay question worth only a few points is not worth spending 30 minutes on!

If the exam is all multiple choice, you can calculate how much time each question should take in the following manner. Divide your time into quarterly segments. For instance, if you have 4 hours to complete the exam, and there are 150 questions, then set a goal to finish the exam in 3 hours. (We will explain why later.) Therefore, divide 3 hours by 4 and you’ll get 4 forty-five minute segments. Write down when you should be done with one-quarter of the questions, one- half of the questions, three-quarters of the questions, and finally the whole exam. It will look something like this.

Time                           Question#

9:00 - 9:45                 #1 - #39

9:45 - 10:30               #38 - #75

10:30 - 11:15             #76 - #113

11:15 - 12:00             #114 - #150

BONUS SECTION: Tips For During The Exam (continued)

This way, if at 9:45 you’re still on question #12, you’ll know you’re moving too slow. But luckily, you’ve spotted your error early and you have time to pick up speed! If you’re right at question #38, you know you’re on time and doing well. Keep checking your progress periodically.

Work on the easiest parts of the exam first, but be sure to allow enough time for the difficult parts of the exam. If the exam is all multiple-choice questions, then just go ahead sequentially. But if the exam contains some multiple-choice and some essay questions, and you have a definite preference for one type of question over the other, complete the type of question you like better first. As a result, you’ll gain confidence and momentum. Then when you go back to the harder questions, your subconscious mind has already been working on them.

When answering essay questions, write notes in the margin of your scrap paper to help you organize your ideas briefly before writing. Be sure to make your writing easy to read.

Any question you don’t understand can be restated in your own words to make it easier for you to understand. However, be sure not to change the original meaning of the question!

Go Through Your Exam Four Times!

You’re going to go through your exam four different times. That’s why we took that extra hour away from your first pass through the exam. This last hour allows you time for the subsequent passes through the exam.

The first time through the exam, skip any questions you don’t know the answers to. Draw a line on your scrap paper, and write down the numbers of those questions you skip.

After you’ve gone all the way through the exam the first time, count how many questions you’ve skipped and quickly calculate how much time you have for each of them, then go back through the exam a second time to answer those questions you’ve skipped. Try to answer them, but don’t take longer than the time you allotted for each one. If you still don’t know the answer, leave it blank.

The third time through the exam, go ahead and guess on those questions you left blank (if you won’t be penalized for guessing).

BONUS SECTION: Tips For During The Exam (continued)

The fourth time through the exam, proofread your answers. When you proofread, you’re looking for these three things: clerical, mathematical or perceptual errors. Did you misunderstand the question? Is the decimal point in the right place? Did you mistakenly pencil in A for answer #23 instead of B? On the other hand, don’t change any of the answers unless you’re absolutely sure they’re incorrect. Your first instincts are usually right.

It may be difficult for you to review the exam the fourth time. You’re under stress and you may just want to finish as quickly as possible. But don’t give up yet. You’ve worked hard, so see it through. Use all the time you have been allotted for the exam. Don’t leave until the proctor says, Time is up!

After The Exam.....

Congratulations! You’ve worked hard, and you’ve done well, so now you can relax. If you’ve faithfully followed these steps, you’ll soon be able to enjoy your success!

BASIC NURSING CARE (STUDY MODE)

1.

In which of the following ways can the nurse promote the sense of taste for an older adult?

a. Mix foods together on the dinner tray

b. Avoid cologne, air fresheners, or room deodorizers

c. Encourage the client to chew food thoroughly

d. Discourage the use of salt or seasonings with prepared food

ANSWER C: As clients age, their sense of taste may diminish, reducing the joy that comes with eating. A nurse can promote the sense of taste for a client by encouraging him to chew his food thoroughly while eating. This results in longer contact of food with the taste buds and a greater chance of tasting the food.

2.

Which of the following is classified as a prerenal condition that affects urinary elimination?

a. Nephrotoxic medications

b. Pericardial tamponade

c. Neurogenic bladder

d. Polycystic kidney disease

ANSWER B: A prerenal condition is that which causes reduced urinary elimination due to a diminished blood flow to the kidneys. A condition such as cardiac tamponade affects the heart's ability to pump adequate amounts of blood, thereby reducing blood flow to vital organs throughout the body, including the kidneys.

3.

A nurse is assessing an African American client for risks of a pressure ulcer. Which of the following best describes what the nurse might find with an early pressure ulcer in this client?

a. Skin has a purple/bluish color

b. Capillary refill is 1 second

c. Skin appears blanched at the pressure site

d. Tenting appears when checking skin turgor

ANSWER A: When assessing for signs of developing pressure ulcers in a client with dark skin, decreased circulation may not always be readily apparent. For instance, blanching, the red undertones seen in light-skinned clients, will not always be present. Instead, the skin of an early pressure ulcer may develop a purple or bluish color.

4.

A term used to refer to generalized wasting of body tissues and malnutrition is called:

a. Entropion

b. Confabulation

c. Induration

d. Cachexia

ANSWER D: Cachexia is a term used to describe the generalized wasting of body tissues, ill health, and malnutrition that is associated with some chronic diseases. Cachexia involves a loss of fat tissue to protect the bones and joints. Clients with cachexia are at risk of pressure ulcers in addition to complications associated with malnutrition and poor health.

5.

Which of the following clients is at a higher risk of developing oral health problems?

a. A pregnant client

b. A client with diabetes

c. A client receiving chemotherapy

d. Both b and c

ANSWER D: Some clients are at higher risk of developing oral health problems due to changes in the mouth associated with certain diseases, or an inability to provide proper self care and oral hygiene. Diabetic clients may be more likely to develop periodontal disease, gingivitis, or mouth dryness. Clients receiving chemotherapy may have mouth ulcers or gingivitis, leading to further pain and infection.

6.

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to reduce environmental stimuli that may cause discomfort for a client?

a. Loosen pressure dressings on wounds

b. Use assistance to pull a client up in bed

c. Check temperature of water used in a sponge bath

d. Position the client prone

ANSWER C: A nurse can reduce environmental stimuli that can cause discomfort for a client through several interventions. When giving a sponge bath, the nurse can check the temperature of the bath water to ensure it is not too hot to avoid burns, nor too cold, to avoid causing discomfort. Other measures the nurse can perform include lifting clients rather than pulling them up in bed, changing wet dressings, and providing proper positioning while in bed.

7.

A client has developed a vitamin C deficiency. Which of the following symptoms might the nurse most likely see with this condition?

a. Cracks at the corners of the mouth

b. Altered mental status

c. Bleeding gums and loose teeth

d. Anorexia and diarrhea

ANSWER C: A client with a severe vitamin C deficiency has a condition called scurvy. Clients with scurvy are most likely to develop bleeding gums, loose teeth, poor wound healing, and easy bruising.

8.

Which of the following interventions should a nurse perform for a female client who is incontinent with impaired skin integrity?

a. Turn the client at least every 8 hours

b. Apply lotion to the skin before a bath

c. Provide perineal care after the client uses the bathroom

d. Bathe the client every 3 days

ANSWER C: A nurse can help protect the skin integrity of some clients, especially female clients who are incontinent, by performing cares that keep the skin clean and dry. Providing perineal care after the client uses the bathroom promotes good skin integrity by removing excess secretions that could cause odor and infection.

9.

A client has fallen asleep in his bed in the hospital. His heart rate is 65 bpm, his muscles are relaxed, and he is difficult to arouse. Which stage of the sleep cycle is this client experiencing?

a. Stage 1

b. Stage 2

c. Stage 3

d. Stage 4

ANSWER C: A client in stage 3 of the sleep cycle has moved into deeper stages of sleep and is more difficult to arouse. The client may have relaxed muscles, a decrease in vital signs, and may lie very still. Stage 3 of sleep is a type of non-REM sleep in which the client progresses toward REM sleep and vivid dreams.

10.

A nurse is assisting a client who uses an intraaural hearing aid. Once the aid has been placed in the ear, it begins to whistle. What is the next action of the nurse?

a. Try to reposition the hearing aid

b. Change the batteries

c. Remove the device and have it cleaned

d. Notify the physician that the hearing aid is not working

ANSWER A: An intraaural hearing aid, sometimes called an in-the-ear hearing aid, is one that is placed in the ear canal. When positioning the hearing aid, a whistling sound indicates it may be positioned improperly. If whistling sounds begin after placement, the nurse should try to reposition the hearing aid.

11.

A nurse is preparing to irrigate a client's indwelling catheter through a closed, intermittent system. Which of the following steps must the nurse take as part of this process?

a. Use sterile solution from the refrigerator

b. Position the client in the prone position

c. Clamp the catheter at the level above the injection port

d. Inject sterile solution through the injection port into the catheter

ANSWER D: When performing a closed intermittent system of catheter irrigation, the nurse should draw up sterile solution that has been at room temperature using sterile technique. The client should be positioned for easy access to the catheter site and to assess the abdomen during the procedure. After clamping the tubing below the level of the injection port and cleansing the site, the nurse injects fluid into the port, which travels up the catheter to irrigate the tubing and the bladder.

12.

Which of the following is a negative outcome associated with impaired mobility?

a. Increased amounts of calcium are absorbed from circulation

b. A drop in blood pressure occurs when rising from a sitting to a standing position

c. The amount of mucous in the bronchi and lungs decreases

d. The vessel walls of the circulatory system thicken

ANSWER B: A client with impaired mobility may develop many changes in body systems that put him at risk of further illness or injury. Orthostatic hypotension occurs when blood pressure drops more than 25 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic upon rising from a sitting or lying position to standing. Orthostatic hypotension may develop in the client with impaired mobility when blood circulates more slowly or pools in the distal extremities.

13.

A nurse is caring for a client who died approximately one hour ago. The nurse notes that the client's temperature has decreased in the last hour since his death. Which of the following processes explains this phenomenon?

a. Rigor mortis

b. Postmortem decomposition

c. Algor mortis

d. Livor mortis

ANSWER C: Algor mortis occurs after death when the body's circulation stops and the client's temperature begins to fall. The client's temperature will drop by approximately 1.8 degrees per hour until it reaches room temperature. The client's skin gradually loses its elasticity during this time.

14.

A nurse is calculating a client's intake and output. During the last shift, the client has had ½ cup of gelatin, a skinless chicken breast, 1 cup of green beans, and 300 cc of water. The client has urinated 250 cc and has had 2 bowel movements. What is this client's intake and output for this shift?

a. 420 cc intake, 250 cc output

b. 300 cc intake, 250 cc output

c. 550 cc intake, 550 cc output

d. 300 cc intake, 550 cc output

ANSWER A: This client has had a 420 cc intake and 250 cc output during the last shift. One-half cup of liquid, such as gelatin, is approximately 120 cc, which should be added to the 300 cc of water ingested. The nurse does not convert food to cc's, although hospital protocol may dictate documentation of the amount of food eaten, such as one whole chicken breast or a cup of beans. Output is urine in ccs, which is 250 cc in this shift. The nurse may measure output of vomit, diarrhea, or gastric suction. Formed bowel movements are not converted to ccs, but the nurse may need to document the number of client stools.

15.

A nurse is caring for a client with ariboflavinosis. Which of the following foods should the nurse serve this client?

a. Citrus fruits

b. Milk

c. Fish

d. Potatoes

ANSWER B: Ariboflavinosis is a vitamin B-2 deficiency. The client may develop cracks around the mouth, inflammation of the tongue, or sensitivity to light. The nurse should serve foods that are good sources of vitamin B-2, including milk, liver, green vegetables, or whole grains.

16.

A client is taking a walk down the hallway when she suddenly realizes that she needs to use the restroom. Although she tries to make it to the bathroom on time, she is incontinent of urine before reaching the toilet. What type of incontinence does this situation represent?

a. Reflex incontinence

b. Urge incontinence

c. Total incontinence

d. Functional incontinence

ANSWER D: Functional incontinence occurs when a client develops an urge to void but may not be able to reach the toilet in time. Functional incontinence may be related to conditions that cause the client to forget bladder sensation until the last minute, such as cognitive changes; or the client may have mobility problems that prevent her from reaching the bathroom in time.

17.

Which of the following is part of client teaching regarding anti-embolism stockings?

a. Instruct the client to roll the top portion of the stocking down if it is too long

b. Stockings are applied with the toes uncovered at the end

c. Measure for thigh-high stockings from the foot to the knee

d. Stockings are to be smooth from end to end without wrinkles

ANSWER D: Anti-embolism stockings are often applied for clients who have surgery or those with mobility problems. Anti-embolism stockings reduce the chance of blood clot formation in the legs. When applying the stockings, the nurse should teach the client that the stockings should be free from wrinkles from end to end, as wrinkles can impair circulation.

18.

Which of the following reasons is the most likely cause of constipation in a client?

a. Postponing bowel movement when the urge to defecate occurs

b. Intestinal infection

c. Antibiotic use

d. Food allergies

ANSWER A: Clients who postpone bowel movements by either ignoring the urge to defecate or not evacuating for some reason like not being near a bathroom may be at higher risk of developing constipation. This causes a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements, slowed motility of the intestinal tract, and increased absorption of fecal water, contributing to hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass.

19.

Which of the following statements best describes footdrop?

a. The foot is permanently fixed in the dorsiflexion position

b. The foot is permanently fixed in

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