Payoff: The Hidden Logic That Shapes Our Motivations
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About this ebook
Every day we work hard to motivate ourselves, the people we live with, the people who work for and do business with us. In this way, much of what we do can be defined as being “motivators.” From the boardroom to the living room, our role as motivators is complex, and the more we try to motivate partners and children, friends and coworkers, the clearer it becomes that the story of motivation is far more intricate and fascinating than we’ve assumed.
Payoff investigates the true nature of motivation, our partial blindness to the way it works, and how we can bridge this gap. With studies that range from Intel to a kindergarten classroom, Ariely digs deep to find the root of motivation—how it works and how we can use this knowledge to approach important choices in our own lives. Along the way, he explores intriguing questions such as: Can giving employees bonuses harm productivity? Why is trust so crucial for successful motivation? What are our misconceptions about how to value our work? How does your sense of your mortality impact your motivation?
Dr. Dan Ariely
Dan Ariely is the James B. Duke Professor of Psychology and Behavioral Economics at Duke University. He is a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight; a cocreator of the film documentary (Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies; and a three-time New York Times bestselling author. His books include Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, The (Honest) Truth About Dishonesty, Irrationally Yours, Payoff, Dollars and Sense, and Amazing Decisions. His TED Talks have been viewed more than 27 million times. His work has been featured in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, the Boston Globe, and elsewhere. He lives in North Carolina with his family.
Read more from Dr. Dan Ariely
Predictably Irrational, Revised and Expanded Edition: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Dollars and Sense: How We Misthink Money and How to Spend Smarter Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Honest Truth About Dishonesty: How We Lie to Everyone--Especially Ourselves Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Upside of Irrationality: The Unexpected Benefits of Defying Logic at Work and at Home Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Irrationally Yours: On Missing Socks, Pickup Lines, and Other Existential Puzzles Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
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Reviews for Payoff
51 ratings3 reviews
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Really good book. It might be more surface level than some readers are looking for but it gets it's point across clearly. Easy, valuable read for people leading a team of any sort.
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5another great book from Dan Ariely. The topic motivation is always a mystery and I am still curious to know how to motivate self and others , great work.
Dan Ariely is one of the intelligence mind I came across. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Expansion of a TED talk, interesting but not a ton of new information. Good overview of the subject though so maybe worth the read.
Book preview
Payoff - Dr. Dan Ariely
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
From Tragedy to Meaning and Motivation
On the complexity of motivation, and a personal story
CHAPTER 1
How to Destroy Motivation, or: Work as a Prison Movie
Why it’s astonishingly easy to demotivate someone
CHAPTER 2
The Joy of (Even Thinking That We Are) Making Something
On our deep attachment to our own ideas and creations
CHAPTER 3
Money Is from Mars, Pizza Is from Venus, and Compliments Are from Jupiter
Why money matters far less than we think
CHAPTER 4
On Death, Relationships, and Meaning
The crazy urge for symbolic immortality, and how love conquers all
EPILOGUE
The Answer to the Ultimate Question
The mystery of motivation, in summary
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
WATCH DAN ARIELY’S TED TALKS
RELATED TALKS ON TED.COM
ALSO FROM TED BOOKS
ABOUT TED BOOKS
ABOUT TED
NOTES
To the wonderful people in my life who have moved me forward, backward, and sideways. I only wish I told you more clearly and frequently how much you mean to me.
INTRODUCTION
From Tragedy to Meaning and Motivation
On the complexity of motivation, and a personal story
We are the CEOs of our own lives. We work hard to spur ourselves to get up and go to work and do what we must do day after day. We also try to encourage the people working for and with us, those who are buying from and doing business with us, and even those who regulate us. We do this in our personal lives, too: from a very young age, kids try to persuade their parents to do things for them (Dad, I’m too scared to do this!
or All the other kids are on Snapchat
), with varying degrees of success. As adults, we try to encourage our significant others to do things for us (Sweetie, I had such a stressful day today, can you please put the kids to bed and do the dishes?
). We attempt to get our kids to clean up their rooms and do their homework. We try to induce our neighbors to trim their hedges or help out with a block party.
Whatever our official job descriptions, we are all part-time motivators. Given that motivation is so central to our lives, what do we really know about it? What do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives? The assumption about motivation is that it is driven by a positive, external reward. Do this, get that. But what if the story of motivation is in fact much more intricate, complex, and fascinating than we’ve assumed?
This book explores the jungle of motivation’s true nature, as well as our blindness to its strangeness and complexity. Rather than seeing motivation as a simple, rat-seeking-reward equation, my hope is to shed some light on this beautiful, deeply human, and psychologically complex world. Motivation is a forest full of twisting trees, unexplored rivers, threatening insects, weird plants, and colorful birds. This forest has many elements that we think matter a lot, but in fact don’t. Even more, it’s full of unusual details that we either ignore completely or don’t think matter, but that turn out to be particularly important.
What is motivation, exactly? According to Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, the word is the act or process of giving someone a reason for doing something
; it’s also the condition of being eager to act or work.
And so this book is about what moves us to feel enthusiastic about what we’re doing. It is about why we feel driven to slog through tasks that may appear on the surface to be thankless. It’s also about the dire need for managers to better understand the deeper nature of what makes employees feel engaged at work and what they can do to make everyone feel happier and more committed. It’s about connecting more deeply to what we do, to the outcome of our efforts, to others, and to our relationships. But, ultimately, this book is about what we really want out of life before we die.1
The Motivation Equation
Motivation—in the sense of being positively engaged to complete a task—is a much thornier problem than it seems at third glance. To think about the complexity of motivation, imagine that you are trying to write down an equation that would capture all of motivation’s fundamental elements. Maybe it would look something like this:
Motivation = Money + Achievement + Happiness + Purpose + A Sense of Progress + Retirement Security + Caring About Others + Your Legacy + Status + Number of Young Kids at Home2 + Pride + E + P + X + [All kinds of other elements]
Of course, money is an important part of this equation, but this equation also includes a long list of factors such as achievement, happiness, purpose, a sense of progress, our relationships with our colleagues, and so on.
Think about your job for a few minutes. If you wrote this equation for yourself, how large would be the role that money plays in your motivation compared with the effect of Achievement, Happiness, Purpose, a Sense of Progress, Retirement Security, Caring About Others, Your Legacy, Status, etc.?
As you can see, the list is long, it has many elements, and we don’t fully understand the types and range of incentives that motivate us, much less how these different types of incentives interact with one another or add up to one big thing called Motivation
with a capital M. The motivation equation also includes elements that appear not to have much to do with joy. In fact, one of the most fascinating things about motivation is that it often drives us to achievements that are difficult, challenging, and even painful. For me, this aspect of motivation is particularly interesting and important. Because it was one of the most challenging experiences of my life that ultimately helped me see the deep and wonderfully complex root of motivation. Allow me to explain.
Called to a Tragedy
A few summers ago, I was having dinner with a few old friends when my cell phone rang. A woman I didn’t know told me that she got my phone number from a mutual acquaintance. She asked me to stop by the local hospital as soon as I could. This woman had read about a trauma that affected me as a teenager and thought I’d be able to offer some helpful advice to her best friend, someone I’ll call Alice.
I deeply dislike hospitals for reasons that will soon become clear, but my motivation to help was stronger than my aversion. I couldn’t refuse the request. I left my friends and headed to the hospital.
When I met Alice there, I learned that she and her family had just suffered a terrible tragedy: two of her teenage children had been badly burned in a fire. After describing their condition to me to the best of her ability, the distraught mother asked me what I thought she should tell her kids about their injuries. They were drifting between consciousness and unconsciousness, suffering