Oscillator Circuits
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Oscillator Circuits - Rudolf F. Graf
Oscillator Circuits
Rudolf F. Graf
Newnes
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Other Books in this Series
Introduction
Chapter 1: Audio Oscillators
WIEN-BRIDGE SINE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
PHASE-SHIFT OSCILLATOR
WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
CODE-PRACTICE OSCILLATOR
TONE ENCODER
FEEDBACK OSCILLATOR
WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
PHASE-SHIFT OSCILLATOR
800-Hz OSCILLATOR
WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
WIEN-BRIDGE SINE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
SINE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
EASILY TUNED SINE-/SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
VERY-LOW-FREQUENCY GENERATOR
AUDIO OSCILLATOR
ELECTRONIC BAGPIPE
SIMPLE AUDIO SINE-WAVE GENERATOR
LOW-COST WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
MODIFIED UJT RELAXATION OSCILLATOR
A 555 RC AUDIO OSCILLATOR
WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR USES CMOS CHIP
ADJUSTABLE SINE-WAVE AUDIO OSCILLATOR
ONE-IC AUDIO GENERATOR
SIMPLE TWO-TONE GENERATOR
LOW-DISTORTION THERMALLY STABILIZED WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
AUDIO OSCILLATOR
AUDIO GENERATOR
SINGLE-SUPPLY WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
SUPER-LOW-DISTORTION VARIABLE SINE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
1-kHz OSCILLATOR
INEXPENSIVE OSCILLATOR IS TEMPERATURE STABLE
CODE-PRACTICE OSCILLATOR
AUDIO OSCILLATOR
Chapter 2: Crystal Oscillators
FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
EASY START-UP CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED TRANSISTOR OSCILLATOR
PIERCE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR (20 MHz)
BUTLER EMITTER-FOLLOWER OSCILLATOR (20 MHz)
COLPITTS OSCILLATOR
LOW-POWER 5-V DRIVEN TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR (TXCO)
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED LOCAL OSCILLATOR FOR SSB TRANSMITTERS
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
PIERCE OSCILLATOR
CMOS CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
100-kHz CRYSTAL CALIBRATOR
OVERTONE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
20-MHz VHF CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
MARKER GENERATOR
100-MHz VHF CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
TWO-GATE QUARTZ OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED REFLECTION OSCILLATOR
TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
OVERTONE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
HIGH-FREQUENCY CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
96-MHz CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
SIMPLE TTL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
BUTLER EMITTER-FOLLOWER OSCILLATOR (100 MHz)
COLPITTS HARMONIC OSCILLATOR (BASIC CIRCUIT)
COLPITTS HARMONIC OSCILLATOR (100 MHz)
INTERNATIONAL CRYSTAL OF-1 LO OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
OVERTONE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
BUTLER APERIODIC OSCILLATOR
PARALLEL-MODE APERIODIC CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
HIGH-FREQUENCY CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR OPERATES FROM ONE MERCURY CELL
COLPITTS OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
LOW-FREQUENCY CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR—10 to 150 kHz
OVERTONE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
IC-COMPATIBLE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR PROVIDES LOW NOISE
DISCRETE SEQUENCE OSCILLATOR
1-MHz PIERCE OSCILLATORS
SIMPLE CMOS CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL TIMEBASE
LOW-FREQUENCY PIERCE OSCILLATOR
1-MHz FET CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
PIERCE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
OVERTONE OSCILLATOR WITH CRYSTAL SWITCHING
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
FIFTH-OVERTONE OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED BUTLER OSCILLATOR
SCHMITT TRIGGER CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
OVERTONE OSCILLATOR (50 TO 150 MHz)
PRECISION CLOCK GENERATOR
MILLER OSCILLATOR (CRYSTAL CONTROLLED)
BUTLER EMITTER-FOLLOWER OSCILLATOR (BASIC CIRCUIT)
BUTLER COMMON-BASE OSCILLATOR (BASIC CIRCUIT)
CMOS OSCILLATOR (1 TO 4 MHz)
PIERCE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR (100 MHz)
INTERNATIONAL CRYSTAL OF-1 HI OSCILLATOR
STANDARD CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR FOR 1 MHz
TTL-COMPATIBLE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
THIRD-OVERTONE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL CHECKER
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR/DOUBLER
LOW-FREQUENCY CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
VARACTOR-TUNED 10-MHz CERAMIC RESONATOR OSCILLATOR
10-MHz CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
PIERCE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR (BASIC CIRCUIT)
TUBE-TYPE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED SINE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
STABLE LOW-FREQUENCY CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
JFET PIERCE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED SIGNAL SOURCE
HIGH-FREQUENCY SIGNAL GENERATOR
CRYSTAL-STABILIZED IC TIMER CAN PROVIDE SUBHARMONIC FREQUENCIES
TTL OSCILLATOR FOR 1 TO 10 MHz
50-MHz VHF CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Chapter 3: Function Generators
PRECISION ONE SHOT
LINEAR TRIANGLE-WAVE TIMER
FOUR-OUTPUT WAVEFORM GENERATOR
FUNCTION GENERATOR
CLASSIC OP-AMP ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
PROGRAMMABLE TRIANGLE-/SQUARE-WAVE GENERATOR
NONINTEGER PROGRAMMABLE PULSE DIVIDER
XOR-GATE COMPLEMENTARY-SIGNALS GENERATOR
LOW-COST FSK GENERATOR
HARMONICS GENERATOR
LOW-FREQUENCY FM GENERATORS
POSITIVE-TRIGGERED MONOSTABLE
PRECISION AUDIO WAVEFORM GENERATOR
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
VERSATILE 2ϕ PULSE GENERATOR
FIXED-FREQUENCY GENERATOR
SINGLE-SUPPLY MULTIVIBRATOR
EASILY TUNED SINE-WAVE/SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
ASTABLE
TWO-FUNCTION SIGNAL GENERATOR
TRIANGLE GENERATOR
MONOSTABLE
PROGRAMMABLE-FREQUENCY, FREE-RUNNING MULTIVIBRATOR
FUNCTION GENERATOR
PROGRAMMABLE-FREQUENCY ASTABLE
LINEAR-RAMP MONOSTABLE
LOW-FREQUENCY MULTIVIBRATOR
RETRIGGERABLE ONE SHOT
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
SINGLE-CONTROL FUNCTION GENERATOR
TRIANGLE-/SQUARE-WAVE GENERATOR
VARIABLE DUTY CYCLE TIMER
BASIC FUNCTION GENERATOR
WIDE-RANGE TUNABLE FUNCTION GENERATOR
SAWTOOTH AND PULSE GENERATOR
SINE/COSINE GENERATOR (0.1 to 10 kHz)
QUAD OP AMP SYNCHRONIZED FUNCTION GENERATOR
OSCILLATOR OR AMPLIFIER WITH WIDE FREQUENCY RANGE
LINEAR TRIANGLE-/SQUARE-WAVE VCO
CIRCUIT FOR MULTIPLYING PULSE WIDTHS
PROGRAMMABLE VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
EMITTER-COUPLED RC OSCILLATOR
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED HIGH-SPEED ONE SHOT
RAMP GENERATOR WITH VARIABLE RESET LEVEL
555 ASTABLE WITH LOW DUTY CYCLE
MONOSTABLE USING VIDEO AMPLIFIER AND COMPARATOR
UJT MONOSTABLE CIRCUIT INSENSITIVE TO CHANGE IN BIAS VOLTAGE
LINEAR RAMP GENERATOR
FUNCTION GENERATOR
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
WAVEFORM GENERATOR
LAST-CYCLE COMPLETING GATED OSCILLATOR
PRECISE TRIANGLE-/SQUARE-WAVE GENERATOR
WIDE-RANGE TRIANGLE-/SQUARE-WAVE GENERATOR
WAVEFORM GENERATOR
SINGLE-SUPPLY FUNCTION GENERATOR
PRECISE WAVE GENERATOR
FIXED-FREQUENCY VARIABLE DUTY-CYCLE OSCILLATOR
WIDE-RANGE VARIABLE OSCILLATOR
SINGLE-CONTROL FOUR-DECADE VARIABLE OSCILLATOR
SIMPLE TRIANGLE SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
Chapter 4: Miscellaneous Oscillators
TUNABLE-FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
RESISTANCE-CONTROLLED DIGITAL OSCILLATOR
CASSETTE BIAS OSCILLATOR
OSCILLATOR ADJUSTABLE OVER 10:1 RANGE
1-SECOND 1-kHz OSCILLATOR
SINE-WAVE SHAPER
LOW-DISTORTION SINE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
TUNABLE SINGLE-COMPARATOR OSCILLATOR
WIDE-RANGE OSCILLATOR (FREQUENCY RANGE OF 5000:1)
RLC OSCILLATOR
HC-BASED OSCILLATORS
PROGRAMMABLE-FREQUENCY SINE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
VARIABLE WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
50% DUTY-CYCLE OSCILLATOR
HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
QUADRATURE OSCILLATOR
WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
CMOS OSCILLATOR
XOR-GATE OSCILLATOR
SCR RELAXATION OSCILLATOR
CMOS OSCILLATOR
5-V OSCILLATOR
LOW-VOLTAGE WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
Chapter 5: Multivibrators and Square-Wave Oscillators
TTL OSCILLATOR
SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
OSCILLATOR/CLOCK GENERATOR
CMOS OSCILLATOR
FREE-RUNNING SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
PRECISION SQUARER
SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
0.5 Hz SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
SIMPLE TRIANGLE-/SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
RC OSCILLATOR
1-kHz SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
ADJUSTABLE TTL CLOCK (MAINTAINS 50% DUTY CYCLE)
SQUARE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
DUAL ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
UJT MONOSTABLE
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR WITH INPUT LOCK-OUT
TTL MONOSTABLE
MONOSTABLE
ONE-SHOT MULTIVIBRATOR
BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
100-kHz FREE-RUNNING MULTIVIBRATOR
SQUARE-WAVE PULSE EXTRACTOR
NEARLY 50% DUTY-CYCLE MULTIVIBRATOR
HIGH-CURRENT OSCILLATOR
QUADRATURE-OUTPUTS OSCILLATOR
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
MONOSTABLE CIRCUIT
ASTABLE OSCILLATOR
DIGITALLY CONTROLLED ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
Chapter 6: RF Oscillators
5-MHz VFO
COLPITTS OSCILLATOR
RF OSCILLATOR
RF GENIE
400-MHz OSCILLATOR
1.0-MHz OSCILLATOR
2-MHz OSCILLATOR
HARTLEY OSCILLATOR
500-MHz OSCILLATOR
LOW-DISTORTION OSCILLATOR
EMITTER-COUPLED BIG-LOOP OSCILLATOR
WIDE-RANGE OSCILLATOR
Chapter 7: Sirens, Warblers and Wailers
TWO-TONE SIREN
YELPING SIREN
SIREN
TWO-STATE SIREN
7400 SIREN
TOY SIREN
MULTIFUNCTION SIREN SYSTEM
LINEAR IC SIREN
SUPER SOUND GENERATOR
HEE-HAW SIREN
PROGRAMMABLE-FREQUENCY ADJUSTABLE-RATE SIREN
THE WAILING SIREN
HIGH-POWER SIREN
HEE-HAW TWO-TONE SIREN
SIREN SIMULATES STAR TREK RED ALERT
YELP OSCILLATOR
ELECTRONIC SIREN
555 BEEP TRANSFORMER
WARBLE-TONE ALARM
WARBLING TONE GENERATOR
WARBLE GENERATOR
WAILING ALARM
SIREN USES TTL GATES
ELECTRONIC SHIP SIREN
VARYING-FREQUENCY WARNING ALARM
STEAM TRAIN WITH WHISTLE
Chapter 8: Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
LINEAR VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (10 Hz To 10 kHz)
VCO
SIMPLE VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
THREE DECADES VCO
PRECISION VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
WAVEFORM GENERATOR/STABLE VCO
VARIABLE-CAPACITANCE DIODE-SPARKED VCO
BALANCED TMOS VCO
TWO-DECADE HIGH-FREQUENCY VCO
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
LOGARITHMIC SWEEP VCO
SIMPLE VCO
PRECISION VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
Sources
Index
Copyright
Newnes is An Imprint of Elsevier
Copyright © 1997 by Butterworth–Heinemann
Copyright © 1992 by Rudolf F. Graf
A member of the Reed Elsevier group
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, USA: phone: (+1)215-238-7869, fax: (+1)215-238-2239, email: healthpermissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’.
Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth–Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Graf, Rudolf F.
[Modern oscillator circuit encyclopedia]
Oscillator circuits / Rudolf F. Graf
p. cm.
Originally published: The modern oscillator circuit encyclopedia.
Blue Ridge Summit, PA : TAB Books, c1992.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-7506-9883-7 (alk. paper)
1. Oscillators, Electric. 2. Electronic circuits.
TK7872.07G68 1996
621.381’533—dc20 96-43977
CIP
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book.
For information, please contact:
Manager of Special Sales
Butterworth–Heinemann
313 Washington Street
Newton, MA 02158–1626
Tel: 617-928-2500
Fax: 617-928-2620
For information on all Newnes electronics publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.bh.com/bh
Transferred to digital printing 2006
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Other Books in this Series
Amplifier Circuits
Converter and Filter Circuits
Detector Circuits
Measuring Circuits
Introduction
Like the other volumes in this series, this book contains a wealth of ready-to-use circuits that serve the needs of the engineer, technician, student and, of course, the browser. These unique books contain more practical, ready-to-use circuits focused on a specific field of interest, than can be found anywhere in a single volume.
1
Audio Oscillators
The sources of the following circuits are contained in the Sources section, which begins on page 173. The figure number contained in the box of each circuit correlates to the source entry in the Sources section.
Wen-Bridge Sine-Wave Oscillator
Phase-Shift Oscillator
Wien-Bridge Oscillator
Code-Practice Oscillator
Tone Encoder
Feedback Oscillator
Wien-Bridge Oscillator
Wen-Bridge Oscillator
Phase-Shift Oscillator
800-Hz Oscillator
Wien-Bridge Oscillator
Wien-Bridge Sine-Wave Oscillator
Sine-Wave Oscillator
Easily Tuned Sine-/Square-Wave Oscillator
Very-Low-Frequency Generator
Audio Oscillator
Electronic Bagpipe
Simple Audio Sine-Wave Generator
Low-Cost Wien-Bridge Oscillator
Modified UJT Relaxation Oscillator
A 555 RC Audio Oscillator
Wien-Bridge Oscillator Uses CMOS Chip
Adjustable Sine-Wave Audio Oscillator
One-IC Audio Generator
Simple Two-Tone Generator
Low-Distortion Thermally Stabilized Wien-Bridge Oscillator
Audio Oscillator
Audio Generator
Single-Supply Wien-Bridge Oscillator
Super-Low-Distortion Variable Sine-Wave Oscillator
1-kHz Oscillator
Inexpensive Oscillator is Temperature Stable
Code-Practice Oscillator
Audio Oscillator
WIEN-BRIDGE SINE-WAVE OSCILLATOR
The 2N5457 JFET, as a voltage variable resistor in the amplifier feedback loop, produces a low distortion, constant amplitude sine wave getting the amplifier loop gain just right. The LM103 zener diode provides the voltage reference for the peak sine wave amplitude.
Fig. 1-1 NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR
PHASE-SHIFT OSCILLATOR
Circuit uses a simple RC network to produce an exceptionally shrill tone from a miniature speaker. With the parts values shown, the circuit oscillates at a frequency of 3.6 kHz and drives a miniature 2½Π speaker at ear-piercing volume. The output waveform is a square wave with a width of 150