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    Pharmacokinetics: A Tutorial Study Guide: Science Textbook Series
    Pharmacokinetics: A Tutorial Study Guide: Science Textbook Series
    Pharmacokinetics: A Tutorial Study Guide: Science Textbook Series
    Ebook115 pages45 minutes

    Pharmacokinetics: A Tutorial Study Guide: Science Textbook Series

    By Nicoladie Tam

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    About this ebook

    "Pharmacokinetics" is a book chapter of the college-level textbook for the book volume in the Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology course.  It is a part of the Science Textbook Series authored by Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D. that also includes the Principles of Biology course.

     

    This book is written with specific pedagogical considerations to facilitate students' learning.  It applies the proven best practices to motivate students in learning.  It uses multiple pedagogical methodologies to engage students in active learning by participating in the knowledge acquisition process.  It stimulates the curiosity of students by asking them questions and answering them immediately.  It guides the students in their comprehension of knowledge by using examples and by giving them detailed explanations following the answers.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherTrue Color Productions
    Release dateJun 15, 2015
    ISBN9781301010776
    Pharmacokinetics: A Tutorial Study Guide: Science Textbook Series
    Author

    Nicoladie Tam

    Dr. Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D., is a writer and a professor who does research in emotions and the brain.  She is an expert in neuropsychology, neurophysiology, brain imaging, computational neuroscience, and bioengineering.  She has a Ph.D. degree in Physiology, and three Bachelor of Science degrees in Computer Science, Physics and Astrophysics.  She has also been a suicide and crisis counselor, with extensive counseling experience in relationships and crisis management.  She is also a life coach, who does relationship coaching and executive coaching, inspires others in achieving the very best.

    Read more from Nicoladie Tam

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      Book preview

      Pharmacokinetics - Nicoladie Tam

      Table of Contents

      Table of Contents 

      Pharmacokinetics 

      Objectives 

      Concepts to Learn 

      1.1.Route of Administration 

      Objectives 

      Concepts to Learn 

      Summary 

      Q&A 

      What is pharmacokinetics? 

      What is pharmacodynamics? 

      What is the route of administration of a drug? 

      What are the characteristics of oral administration? 

      What is the rate-limiting step of drug distribution through the oral administration route? 

      Why is it important to understand the effect of the rate-limiting step in gastric emptying? 

      What is the advantage of oral administration for drug recall in case of overdose? 

      What are the characteristics of sublingual administration? 

      What are the characteristics of inhalation administration? 

      How fast does the drug reach its target site in inhalation compared to the intravenous route? 

      What are the characteristics of intravenous (IV) administration? 

      What are the characteristics of intraperitoneal (IP) administration? 

      What are the characteristics of intracranial (IC) administration? 

      What are the characteristics of intramuscular (IM) administration? 

      What are the characteristics of subcutaneous administration? 

      What are the characteristics of topical administration? 

      What are the characteristics of snorting? 

      Review Question 

      1.2.Effect of Drug Ionization 

      Objectives 

      Concepts to Learn 

      Summary 

      Q&A 

      How does the lipid solubility of a drug affect its absorption? 

      How does ionization relate to lipid solubility? 

      How does the ionization of a drug affect the absorption rate? 

      How does the ionization of a drug affect the acidity of the medium it is in? 

      What are the pH levels of different body fluid compartments? 

      How does the passage of Aspirin™ in the stomach lining uni-directional and get trapped once absorbed? 

      Review Questions 

      1.3.Drug Distribution 

      Objectives 

      Concepts to Learn 

      Summary 

      Q&A 

      How do drug molecules distribute once administered into the body? 

      What is vasoconstriction? 

      What is depot binding? 

      What does a silent receptor do? 

      What are the disadvantages of depot binding? 

      What are the advantages of depot binding? 

      Review Questions 

      1.4.Half-Life of Drugs 

      Objectives 

      Concepts to Learn 

      Summary 

      Q&A 

      What is a drug half-life? 

      What causes the half-life? 

      How can the phenomenon of half-life be explained? 

      Why is half-life always a constant for a particular drug? 

      What does the length of half-life tell us about the characteristic property of a drug? 

      What does a short half-life mean? 

      Why are there different half-lives for different drugs? 

      How is half-life represented graphically? 

      Does half-life depend on the initial concentration? 

      How many half-lives does it take to reduce the concentration of a drug to 1/8 of its initial amount? 

      What is the concentration of a drug after 3 half-lives? 

      What is the shape of the half-life plotting in a linear plot? 

      What is the shape of the half-life plotting in a semi-log plot? 

      How is half-life used to determine the dosage intervals for administering a drug? 

      When a drug is administered at each half-life interval, the concentration will accumulate gradually, how long does it take to reach a steady-state level? 

      Does it take a different amount of time to reach this steady state if the therapeutic steady-state dosage is different? 

      Can a drug have multiple half-lives? 

      Is the concentration of the drug administered the same as the concentration at the target site? 

      How do we determine what concentration is needed to administer to reach the concentration at the target level? 

      What does therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) determine? 

      How does drug testing detect drug usage if the drug half-life is very short? 

      Review Questions 

      Critical Thinking Questions 

      Drug Testing and Truth Table 

      Objectives 

      Concept to Learn 

      Summary 

      Q&A 

      How does drug testing detect drug usage if the drug half-life is very short? 

      Is drug testing always accurate? 

      What is a truth table? 

      How can the truth table be applied in drug testing? 

      What is a true positive? 

      What is true negative? 

      What is a false positive? 

      What is a false negative? 

      What is a false alarm? 

      Review Questions 

      Critical Thinking Questions 

      Drug Elimination 

      Objectives 

      Concepts to Learn 

      Summary 

      Q&A 

      What are the two major routes of drug elimination? 

      What are the physiological mechanisms for drug excretion in the kidneys? 

      What is renal clearance? 

      What other organs can excrete drugs from the system? 

      What are the factors that affect the reabsorption of drugs in the nephrons? 

      How are drugs metabolized? 

      What is biotransformation? 

      Which organ does most of the metabolism of drug molecules? 

      How are drugs metabolized in the liver? 

      What is a synthetic reaction? 

      What

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