The Radiology Handbook: A Pocket Guide to Medical Imaging
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About this ebook
Designed for busy medical students, The Radiology Handbook is a quick and easy reference for any practitioner who needs information on ordering or interpreting images.
The book is divided into three parts:
- Part I presents a table, organized from head to toe, with recommended imaging tests for common clinical conditions.
- Part II is organized in a question and answer format that covers the following topics: how each major imaging modality works to create an image; what the basic precepts of image interpretation in each body system are; and where to find information and resources for continued learning.
- Part III is an imaging quiz beginning at the head and ending at the foot. Sixty images are provided to self-test knowledge about normal imaging anatomy and common imaging pathology.
Published in collaboration with the Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, The Radiology Handbook is a convenient pocket-sized resource designed for medical students and non radiologists.
J. S. Benseler
J. S. Benseler is a practicing clinical radiologist and associate professor of radiology at the Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, with over twenty years of experience teaching medical students, interns, and residents.
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The Radiology Handbook - J. S. Benseler
Preface
The Radiology Handbook provides a foundation for the study of radiology. It is designed to serve as a basic introduction to medical image interpretation for medical students and nonradiologists. This pocket reference is organized into three parts: ordering schemes, general information, and practice images.
You should use the ordering scheme in part 1 of this book as a general guide for requesting the appropriate test for a given clinical presentation. This section is organized anatomically from head to toe.
If you are just beginning to study (or restudy) radiology, you should start by learning the basics of how an image is formed. The first four chapters in part 2 provide the foundation for understanding how images are created by X-rays, CT, ultrasound, and MRI. Chapters 5 through 11 contain basic information pertaining to ordering and interpretation in the chest, abdomen, urinary tract, GI system, musculoskeletal system, head and neck, and nervous system. All chapters are arranged in a question-and-answer format. Chapter 12 is a brief discussion of how to become more comfortable and proficient with image interpretation. Part 3 provides an opportunity for self-testing. Images of normal anatomy and common imaging pathology are followed by an answer key.
The Radiology Handbook is not intended to be comprehensive. I like to refer to the information provided in this guide as a punch in the nose.
It’s not the whole fight, but it’s a good beginning. The information is purposefully succinct—a quick read for busy physicians-in-training. I wish you all the best as you evolve into excellent diagnosticians.
PART ONE
____________
Ordering Schemes
The following is a list of patient symptoms accompanied by the imaging studies that may be beneficial for arriving at an accurate diagnosis. Please understand that there may never be universal consensus among clinicians about the imaging study that is best in any given clinical circumstance. The following recommendations are based on my own clinical experience as well as guidelines from current literature. When in doubt, always consult with the radiologist.
Ordering Schemes
CT/MRI Comparison
* Cancer staging.
PART TWO
____________
Imaging Overview
CHAPTER ONE X-RAYS
1.0 Goals: Understanding and working with X-rays
Objective questions:
1.1 What is an X-ray?
1.2 How can X-rays produce images of internal structures of the body?
1.3 What are the five basic radiographic densities?
1.4 What are the three key elements of radiation safety?
1.5 What is a safe dose of radiation?
1.6 What can happen when people are exposed to radiation?
1.7 Are there special considerations for children?
1.8 How do I order an X-ray?
1.9 How do I develop a differential diagnosis?
1.10 Is there an optimal way to view a radiograph?
1.11 What is the basic analysis of any structure or mass?
1.1 What Is an X-ray?
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic energy formed when high-speed electrons bombard a tungsten anode target. Like light energy, these useful rays have properties of waves and particles. However, X-rays have a much shorter wavelength than visible light, allowing them to penetrate matter.
X-ray machine
1.2 How can X-rays produce images of internal structures of the body?
Differences in body tissue densities are what allow us to see
inside the body by creating a shadowgram. The body is composed of tissues containing many different elements, which vary by atomic number (the number of protons in