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    Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity
    Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity
    Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity
    Ebook75 pages29 minutes

    Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    About this ebook

    A recent development has led to a new dietary diversity indicator, the Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women (MDD-W), to replace the Women’s Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS). However, the procedures for the assessment of Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) remain unchanged. New standalone guidelines for both the MDD-W and the HDDS are being developed and will be available soon from http://www.fao.org/food/nutrition-assessment/en/. It is recommended to follow the new procedures and guidelines for assessing dietary diversity in any future studies.

    Obtaining detailed data on household food access or individual dietary intake can be time consuming and expensive, and requires a high level of technical skill both in data collection and analysis. Dietary diversity is a qualitative measure of food consumption that reflects household access to a variety of foods, and is also a proxy for nutrient adequacy of the diet of individuals. The dietary diversity questionnaire represents a rapid, user-friendly and easily administered low-cost assessment tool. Scoring and analysis of the information collected with the questionnaire is straightforward. The dietary diversity scores described in these guidelines consist of a simple count of food groups that a household or an individual has consumed over the preceding 24 hours. The guidelines describe the use of the dietary diversity questionnaire at both the household and individual level, for which calculation of the score is slightly different in each case. The data collected can also be analyzed to provide information on specific food groups of interest. The household dietary diversity score (HDDS) is meant to reflect, in a snapshot form, the economic ability of a household to access a variety of foods. Studies have shown that an increase in dietary diversity is associated with socio-economic status and household food security (household energy availability) (Hoddinot and Yohannes, 2002; Hatloy et al., 2000).

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateApr 22, 2015
    ISBN9789251086322
    Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      Book preview

      Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      COVER PHOTOGRAPHS:

      ©FAO/K. Pratt

      ©FAO/Dan White

      ©FAO/Florita Botts

      ©woodleywonderworks

      PHOTOGRAPHS INSIDE:

      ©Stockphoto/Lamprini Kliafa

      ©Stockphoto/Flora Bulacan

      ©Stockphoto/Claudio Salvalaio

      Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity

      Prepared by Gina Kennedy, Terri Ballard and MarieClaude Dop

      Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      This publication was produced with support from the European Union, through the EC-FAO Linking Information and Decision Making to Improve Food Security Programme.

      www.foodsec.org

      Reprint 2013

      The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

      The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO.

      ISBN 978-92-5-106749-9

      E-ISBN 978-92-5-108632-2 (EPUB)

      All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to copyright@fao.org or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.

      © FAO 2010

      Table of Contents

      1.0 Introduction

      2.0 Description of the questionnaire

      2.1 Differences between household and individual levels

      2.2 Additional considerations

      3.0 When to measure dietary diversity

      4.0 Activities to undertake before beginning data collection

      4.1 Translation and adaptation steps

      4.2 Technical issues to discuss prior to beginning data collection

      4.3 Training survey interviewers

      5.0 Instructions for administering the questionnaire

      6.0 Analyzing dietary diversity data

      6.1 The dietary diversity scores

      6.2 How to create dietary diversity scores

      6.3 Using and interpreting HDDS and WDDS

      6.4 Creating indicators of special interest from specific food groups

      6.5 Assessing dietary patterns at different levels of dietary diversity scores

      7.0 Conclusions

      Citations

      Annex 1: Reference note on deriving indicators for iron intake

      Annex 2: Guidance on assigning individual foods to food

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