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    Heart Valve Diseases, A Simple Guide to These Conditions
    Heart Valve Diseases, A Simple Guide to These Conditions
    Heart Valve Diseases, A Simple Guide to These Conditions
    Ebook112 pages1 hour

    Heart Valve Diseases, A Simple Guide to These Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Heart valve diseases are outside the field of most family doctors because of the difficulty in the treatment. It is more of a cardiologist’s field.
    However the sounds of the heart murmurs and heart clicks still fascinate me.
    What is important from a family doctor’s perspective is to differentiate the heart valve diseases and send them for treatment.
    I have specifically devoted a chapter to differential diagnoses of the heart valve diseases.
    Proper treatment of the heart valve diseases is important.

    The human heart has four chambers which are the two superior atria and two inferior ventricles.

    The atria are the receiving chambers and the ventricles are the discharging chambers

    Deoxygenated blood flows through the heart in one direction, entering through the superior vena cava into the right atrium and is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle before being pumped out through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries into the lungs.

    The oxygen is absorbed from the air sacs of the lungs.

    It returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium where it is pumped through the mitral valve into the left ventricle before leaving through the aortic valve to the aorta

    The 4 valves are in order of blood flow:
    1. Tricuspid
    2. Pulmonary
    3. Mitral
    4. Aortic

    The valve is like a tap in the blood circulation pump in the heart.

    Normally, these valves open to let blood flow through or out of your heart, and then shut to keep it from flowing backward.

    In heart valve disease, blood can leak back through the valve in the wrong direction, which is called regurgitation

    One of the valves, the mitral valve, sometimes has floppy flaps and does not close tightly.

    This is called mitral valve prolapse, and it is one of the most common heart valve conditions.

    Sometimes it causes regurgitation

    When the valve does not open enough and blocks blood flow, it is called stenosis

    What are the types of heart valve disease?

    Types of valve disease:

    1. Aortic valve disease

    a. Aortic regurgitation
    b. Aortic stenosis
    c. Aortic sclerosis
    d. Bicuspid aortic valve

    2. Mitral valve disease

    a. Mitral regurgitation
    b. Mitral stenosis
    c. Mitral valve prolapse

    3. Pulmonary valve disease

    a. Pulmonary regurgitation
    b. Pulmonary stenosis

    4. Tricuspid valve disease

    a. Tricuspid regurgitation
    b. Tricuspid stenosis

    All valve diseases can be acute or chronic.

    What are the causes of Heart Valve Disease?

    Causes:

    Valve problems can be caused by:

    1. Congenital or present at birth

    Congenital heart valve disease often involves pulmonary or aortic valves that do not form properly.

    These valves may have inadequate tissue in the flaps.

    They can be the wrong size or shape

    They can lack an opening through which blood can flow properly.

    2. Infections such as:

    a. Rheumatic fever

    Untreated streptococcus throat or other infections with strep bacteria that progress to rheumatic fever can cause heart valve disease.

    In the body’s fight against the streptococcus infection, one or more heart valves may be damaged or scarred in the process.

    The most affected are aortic and mitral valves.

    Symptoms of heart valve damage often do not appear until many years after recovery from rheumatic fever.

    b. A rare but serious infection called infective endocarditis or IE allows the germs to enter the bloodstream through needles, syringes or other medical devices and through breaks in the skin or gums.

    Frequently the body's defenses is able to fight off the germs and no infection occurs.

    Sometimes these defenses fail, which leads to IE.

    IE can develop in people who already have abnormal blood flow through a heart valve as the result of congenital or acquired heart valve di

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateJan 16, 2015
    ISBN9781311721686
    Heart Valve Diseases, A Simple Guide to These Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Heart Valve Diseases, A Simple Guide to These Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Heart Valve

      Diseases,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      to

      These

      Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B., B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2015 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      to my wife Dorothy

      and my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      and Kelvin

      This book describes the Valve Diseases of the Heart and their Management such as Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation, Mitral Stenosis and Regurgitation, Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation, Pulmonary Stenosis and Regurgitation, which are seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://ken-med.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 590 medical books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical conditions.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily. I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Heart Valve Diseases

      Heart valve diseases are outside the field of most family doctors because of the difficulty in the treatment. It is more of a cardiologist’s field.

      However the sounds of the heart murmurs and heart clicks still fascinate me.

      What is important from a family doctor’s perspective is to differentiate the heart valve diseases and send them for treatment.

      I have specifically devoted a chapter to differential diagnoses of the heart valve diseases.

      Proper treatment of the heart valve diseases is important.

      The heart is the center of the cardiovascular system.

      The human heart has four chambers which are the two superior atria and two inferior ventricles.

      The atria are the receiving chambers and the ventricles are the discharging chambers

      Deoxygenated blood flows through the heart in one direction, entering through the superior vena cava into the right atrium and is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle before being pumped out through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries into the lungs.

      The oxygen is absorbed from the air sacs of the lungs.

      It returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium where it is pumped through the mitral valve into the left ventricle before leaving through the aortic valve to the aorta

      The 4 valves are in order of blood flow:

      1. Tricuspid

      2. Pulmonary

      3. Mitral

      4. Aortic

      The valve is like a tap in the blood circulation pump in the heart.

      Normally, these valves open to let blood flow through or out of your heart, and then shut to keep it from flowing backward.

      In heart valve disease, blood can leak back through the valve in the wrong direction, which is called regurgitation

      One of the valves, the mitral valve, sometimes has floppy flaps and does not close tightly.

      This is called mitral valve prolapse, and it is one of the most common heart valve conditions.

      Sometimes it causes regurgitation

      When the

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