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    Geographic Variation in the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis
    Geographic Variation in the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis
    Geographic Variation in the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis
    Ebook84 pages43 minutes

    Geographic Variation in the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis

    By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross

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    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 27, 2013
    Geographic Variation in the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis

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      Book preview

      Geographic Variation in the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis - Leonard J. Olund

      The Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Variation in the North American

      Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis, by Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

      Title: Geographic Variation in the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis

      Author: Leonard J. Olund

      Frank B. Cross

      Release Date: December 27, 2011 [EBook #38425]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION ***

      Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Erica

      Pfister-Altschul and the Online Distributed Proofreading

      Team at http://www.pgdp.net

      University of Kansas Publications

      Museum of Natural History

      Volume 13, No. 7, pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figs.

      February 10, 1961

      Geographic Variation

      In the North American Cyprinid Fish,

      Hybopsis gracilis

      BY

      LEONARD J. OLUND AND FRANK B. CROSS

      University of Kansas

      Lawrence

      1961

      University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History

      Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,

      Robert W. Wilson

      Volume 13, No. 7, pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figs.

      Published February 10, 1961

      University of Kansas

      Lawrence, Kansas

      PRINTED IN

      THE STATE PRINTING PLANT

      TOPEKA, KANSAS

      1961

      28-5871

      Geographic Variation In the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis

      BY

      LEONARD J. OLUND AND FRANK B. CROSS

      CONTENTS

      PAGE

      Introduction325

      Methods, Materials, and Acknowledgments326

      Description of the Species Hybopsis gracilis327

      Hybopsis gracilis gracilis328

      Hybopsis gracilis gulonella330

      Intraspecific Variation333

      Natural History334

      Habitat334

      Associated Species336

      Food338

      Spawning Season338

      Discussion340

      Literature Cited343

      INTRODUCTION

      The flathead chub, Hybopsis gracilis (Richardson), occurs in the Plains Region of Canada and the United States, in four major drainage systems: Mackenzie River, which discharges into the Arctic Ocean; Saskatchewan River, which discharges into Hudson Bay via Nelson River; and Missouri-Mississippi System and Rio Grande, both draining into the Gulf of Mexico. Each of these systems is occupied in part only. In the Mackenzie Basin, H. gracilis has been reported as far north as Fort Good Hope (Walters, 1955:347). Flathead chubs occur in the Saskatchewan Basin from Alberta eastward to Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, but have not been found in other streams that flow into Lake Winnipeg (Red River, Brokenhead River and Whitemouth River) nor in Nelson River downstream from Lake Winnipeg. In the Missouri Basin the species occurs more or less continuously from the high plains adjacent to the Rocky Mountains in Montana and Wyoming down the mainstream of the Missouri River to its mouth, and down the mainstream of the Mississippi River as far as Barfield, Arkansas, but not to the Gulf. The species probably attains its greatest abundance in the Missouri Basin, but it is scarce or absent in tributaries north and east of the Missouri mainstream, in the South Platte Basin, and in the central part of the Platte River in Nebraska. The flathead chub is unknown in the Mississippi Basin above the mouth of the Missouri River, and in the Ohio River Basin above its mouth. In the Arkansas River Basin, records are restricted to (1) the headwaters and tributaries of the Arkansas River from eastern Colorado downstream as far as Garden City, Kansas, (2) the Cimarron River at Kenton, Cimarron County, Oklahoma, and (3) the South Canadian River and tributaries from northeastern New Mexico eastward as far as Norman, McClain County, Oklahoma, but rarely there. Thus, the range in the Arkansas Basin seems to consist of three isolated segments. Likewise, isolated populations exist in the Rio Grande System, where flathead chubs are confined to the upper parts of the Rio Grande and Pecos basins,

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